Our latest publications

• Knutsen, Carl Henrik; Morgenbesser, Lee & Wig, Tore (2024). On the move: Autocratic leaders, security, and capital relocations. Political Geography. ISSN 0962-6298. 113. doi: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103154.
• Lenz, Alexa; Steinebach, Yves & Casula, Mattia (2024). Mapping bureaucratic overload: Dynamics and drivers in media coverage across three European countries. Regulation & Governance. ISSN 1748-5983. doi: 10.1111/rego.12606.
• Daniels, Lesley Ann & Zalunardo, Virginia (2024). The impact of thin and thick truth: The limits of truth commission design in polarized societies. Journal of Human Rights. ISSN 1475-4835. doi: 10.1080/14754835.2024.2354170.
• Egeberg, Morten (2024). International organizations, the EU and peace among member states: Bringing organization structure in. Journal of Peace Research. ISSN 0022-3433. doi: 10.1177/00223433241249328.
• Stankovic, Tatjana; Hovi, Jon; Skodvin, Tora & Øverland, Indra Nobl (2024). Regulating production rather than consumption? Comparing the challenges of supply-side and demand-side climate agreements. Energy Research & Social Science. ISSN 2214-6296. 114. doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2024.103601.
• del Rio Rodriguez, Adrian; Knutsen, Carl Henrik & Lutscher, Philipp Matthias (2024). Education Policies and Systems Across Modern History: A Global Dataset. Comparative Political Studies. ISSN 0010-4140. doi: 10.1177/00104140241252075.
• Finn, Victoria & Ramaciotti, Juan Pablo (2024). Reject, Reject, Reject...Passed! Explaining a Latecomer of Emigrant Enfranchisement. Politics and Governance. ISSN 2183-2463. doi: 10.17645/pag.7331. Show summary

  Despite the extensive spread of external voting across the world, exceptions remain as some countries have not passed such regulations (e.g., Uruguay) or have passed them but lag implementation (e.g., Nicaragua). Others still took a long time to join the trend, possibly presenting a pushback to the commonly accepted notion of norm diffusion to explain migrant enfranchisement. We examine a latecomer by asking why Chile took so long to enfranchise emigrants. Classified as a liberal democracy with a century of legal history of foreign-resident voting, it repeatedly rejected proposed bills on external voting since 1971. Chile enacted external voting only in 2014, regulated it in 2016, and applied it in 2017. Through legal historical content analysis, we identify which political actors proposed the bills, when, and why each failed. Left and right-leaning actors gave normative, legal, and procedural reasons that resulted in rejection and stagnation at various institutional stages. This latecomer’s constitutional tradition, strongly focused on territory and territorial links, potentially sheds light on dozens of other country cases of late adoption of the external franchise.

• Stiansen, Øyvind; Naurin, Daniel; Michailidou, Asimina & Riganova, Adriana (2024). Enforcing the rule of law in the EU: effects on public opinion. Journal of European Public Policy. ISSN 1350-1763. doi: 10.1080/13501763.2024.2351989.
• Hoffmann, Fabian Rene (2024). The strategic-level effects of long-range strike weapons: A framework for analysis. Journal of Strategic Studies. ISSN 0140-2390. doi: 10.1080/01402390.2024.2351500.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2024). Reputation management in turmoil—An analysis of the clashing narratives in the introduction of a “salmon tax” in Norway. Review of Policy Research. ISSN 1541-132X. 41(3). doi: 10.1111/ropr.12615.
• Bøggild, Troels; Göbel, Sascha; Lutscher, Philipp Matthias & Nyrup, Jacob (2024). Standing with Ukraine? How citizens trade off self-interest and principles in supporting war-torn international partners. Research & Politics. ISSN 2053-1680. 11(2). doi: 10.1177/20531680241252399.
• Svartefoss, Silje Marie; Jungblut, Jens Patrick Wilhelm; Aksnes, Dag W.; Kolltveit, Kristoffer & van Leeuwen, Thed (2024). Explaining research performance: investigating the importance of motivation. SN Social Sciences. ISSN 2662-9283. 4, p. 1–24. doi: 10.1007/s43545-024-00895-9. Full text in Research Archive
• Kappler, Moritz; Verhoest, Koen; Bach, Tobias; Maman, Libby & Schomaker, Rahel (2024). What drives trust in regulatory agencies? Probing the relevance of governmental level and performance through a cross-national elite experiment on EU regulation. European Political Science Review. ISSN 1755-7739. p. 1–18. doi: 10.1017/S1755773924000080. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Trust between constituent actors within the European Union (EU)’s multilevel regulatory regimes is decisive for regulatory success. Trust drives information flows, increases compliance, and improves cooperation within these regimes. Despite its importance, systematic knowledge regarding the drivers of trust within regulatory regimes is limited. This paper inquires whether trust in regulatory agencies is influenced by their affiliation with the national or EU governmental level, as well as by their performance. While existing literature predominantly focuses on why citizens place their trust in governments or regulatory agencies, this paper presents original insights regarding the formation of trust among elites within the regulatory regime, including politicians, ministerial officials, agency officials, interest groups, and regulated entities. We employ data obtained from a large-scale vignette experiment conducted in six countries involving 752 decision-makers from relevant organizations. The experimental results suggest that both public and private elite actors’ trust assessment of regulatory agencies does not hinge on cues associated with the governmental level, but rather depends on agency performance. Accordingly, belonging to the national or EU governmental level does not create a difference in trust assessment of regulatory agencies in itself. It, however, shows that particularly elite actors are rather sensitive in terms of the performance of a regulatory agency.

• Kumlin, Staffan & Nemcok, Miroslav (2024). Perceiving welfare state sustainability: fiscal costs, group deservingness, or ideology? Journal of Public Policy. ISSN 0143-814X. doi: 10.1017/S0143814X24000126. Full text in Research Archive
• Xiong, Wei; Wang, Fang; Christensen, Tom & Casady, Carter B. (2024). Bureaucratic redundancy and administrative burden: Evidence from public-private partnerships (PPPs) in China. Public Administration. ISSN 0033-3298. doi: 10.1111/padm.13003.
• Jevnaker, Torbjørg (2024). When EU Agencies Set Up Advisory Committees: All About Autonomy? Journal of Common Market Studies. ISSN 0021-9886. doi: 10.1111/jcms.13618.
• Kriachko Røren, Pål (2024). Unipolarity is not over yet. Global Studies Quarterly. ISSN 2634-3797. 4(2). doi: 10.1093/isagsq/ksae018.
• Bokobza, Laure & Nyrup, Jacob (2024). Authoritarian multiparty governments. Democratization. ISSN 1351-0347. doi: 10.1080/13510347.2024.2338858.
• Goldstein, Daniel Alexander Novick (2024). Reversals of Capacity: Norms, Culture, and Institutional Disruption. Journal of Politics. ISSN 0022-3816. doi: 10.1086/726969.
• Lund-Tønnesen, Jonas (2024). Privacy Regimes, Crisis Strategies, and Governments’ Legitimizing of Digital Surveillance Technology: Comparing Germany, Norway, and the United Kingdom. International Journal of Public Administration. ISSN 0190-0692. p. 1–14. doi: 10.1080/01900692.2024.2344105.
• Klausen, Jan Erling & Winsvold, Marte Slagsvold (2024). What determines citizens’ attitudes to municipal mergers? Policy Studies. ISSN 0144-2872. doi: 10.1080/01442872.2024.2345288. Show summary

  To what extent can citizens’ attitudes to municipal mergers be explained by costs and benefits incurred by merging with a specific consortium of neighbouring units? To answer this question, we analyse data taken from a survey to citizens of 119 Norwegian local governments in the fall of 2019, merely a few months before the merger of their own unit with one or more neighbouring units was to be implemented as the result of a national local government reform decided over two years in advance. In line with previous studies, we find that citizens tend to prefer merging with wealthier neighbours rather than poorer ones. Moreover, we find that this preference is only observable among respondents in smaller units merging with one or more larger units. Furthermore, differentials in private wealth among the merging units appear to affect preferences more than public wealth. However, we did not find support for the theoretical assumption that citizens prefer mergers with units that are similar in terms of political and societal characteristics. Overall, our study suggests that concerns over local redistributive losses may impede support for mergers and, hence, increase the political costs of implementing comprehensive structural reforms

• Tian, Xiaolong & Christensen, Tom (2024). Traditional bureaucracy and newly-revived leading groups: The Chinese government’s organizational responses to COVID-19. International Public Management Journal. ISSN 1096-7494. doi: 10.1080/10967494.2024.2328217.
• Van Hootegem, Arno; Helgøy, Anna & Nemcok, Miroslav (2024). Formative personal experiences: How benefit recipiency and income changes shape perceptions of system abuse. European Journal of Political Research. ISSN 0304-4130. doi: 10.1111/1475-6765.12685. Full text in Research Archive
• Helgøy, Anna (2024). What sustains feminized part-time work at the gender equality frontier? Evidence from a vignette experiment. Journal of European Social Policy. ISSN 0958-9287.
• Helgøy, Anna Nordnes (2024). Rethinking Part-Time Outsiders' Risks and Welfare Attitudes. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society. ISSN 1072-4745. 31(2), p. 347–375. doi: 10.1093/sp/jxae001.
• Skagen, Katrine & Boasson, Elin Lerum (2024). Climate policy integration as a process: from shallow to embedded integration. Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning. ISSN 1523-908X. doi: 10.1080/1523908X.2024.2334707.
• Blakkisrud, Helge; Gelashvili, Tamta; Kemoklidze, Nino & Kolstø, Pål (2024). Does recognition matter? Exploring patron penetration of de-facto state structures. Territory, Politics, Governance. ISSN 2162-2671. doi: 10.1080/21622671.2024.2323104.
• Squevin, Pierre Louis Daniel; Pattyn, Valérie; Jungblut, Jens Patrick Wilhelm & Blum, Sonja (2024). There, across the border – political scientists and their boundary-crossing work. Policy sciences. ISSN 0032-2687. doi: 10.1007/s11077-024-09530-z. Full text in Research Archive
• Finn, Victoria & Ramaciotti, Juan Pablo (2024). Reject, Reject, Reject…Passed! Explaining a Latecomer of Emigrant Enfranchisement. Politics and Governance. ISSN 2183-2463. 12. doi: 10.17645/pag.7331.
• Chen, Sicheng; Christensen, Tom & Ma, Liang (2024). Written directives and ministerial tenure in China: a novel gauge for political performance? Journal of Asian Public Policy. ISSN 1751-6234. doi: 10.1080/17516234.2024.2339078.
• Nemcok, Miroslav; Wass, Hanna & Peltoniemi, Johanna (2024). Does sending ballots via post reduce costs? Negligible effect of postal voting on turnout among Finnish electorate living abroad. Electoral Studies: an international journal on voting and electoral systems and strategy. ISSN 0261-3794. 89(June 2024). doi: 10.1016/j.electstud.2024.102776. Full text in Research Archive
• Bethke, Felix S.; Haass, Felix & Niemann, Holger (2024). The Language of Responsibility in the United Nations Security Council, 1946–2020. International Studies Quarterly. ISSN 0020-8833. 68(2). doi: 10.1093/isq/sqae025. Full text in Research Archive
• Fernández-i-Marín, Xavier; Hinterleitner, Markus; Knill, Christoph & Steinebach, Yves (2024). Testing theories of policy growth: public demands, interest group politics, electoral competition, and institutional fragmentation. Journal of European Public Policy. ISSN 1350-1763. doi: 10.1080/13501763.2024.2317358.
• Larsen, Even Hellan (2024). Escaping Paralysis: Strategies for Countering Asymmetric Nuclear Escalation. Security Studies. ISSN 0963-6412. doi: 10.1080/09636412.2024.2311106.
• Kronborg, Anton Mynster; Hedegaard, Frederik; Klindt, Isak & Vandeweerdt, Clara (2024). Do green parties in government benefit from natural catastrophes? How wildfires are linked to voting. Electoral Studies: an international journal on voting and electoral systems and strategy. ISSN 0261-3794. 88. doi: 10.1016/j.electstud.2024.102749.
• Lutscher, Philipp Matthias & Donnay, Karsten (2024). A difficult test for hard propaganda: Evidence from a choice experiment in Venezuela. Journal of Peace Research. ISSN 0022-3433. doi: 10.1177/00223433231220269.
• Huseby, Robert; Hovi, Jon & Skodvin, Tora (2024). Protecting Future Generations Through Minilateralism: Climate Clubs and Normative Legitimacy. Politics and Governance. ISSN 2183-2463. doi: 10.17645/pag.i379. Show summary

  Despite three decades of global climate negotiations and high expectations for the 2015 Paris Agreement, global emissions continue to grow. To protect future generations from severe harm, scholars, environmentalists, and politicians alike explore potential supplements to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change process. One potential supplement is climate clubs of a type where a small number of “enthusiastic” countries embark on ambitious mitigation efforts while encouraging other, more “reluctant” countries to join. Previous research has shown that this club type possesses a significant potential for expanding membership and eventually becoming highly effective in reducing global emissions. A common criticism of climate clubs, however, is that they lack legitimacy. Assessing this criticism, we argue that climate clubs of the type considered here can be normatively legitimate. The main challenge for normative legitimacy concerns climate clubs’ use of incentives, particularly negative incentives, to attract members. However, we argue that even negative incentives for participation can be legitimate, assuming they meet a set of relevant legitimacy criteria—including that the club respects human rights, provides a comparative benefit, maintains institutional integrity, implements only proportional incentives, and fulfills a requisite set of epistemic criteria. We also argue that the normative legitimacy of climate clubs’ use of incentives for compliance is less challenging than the normative legitimacy of their use of incentives for participation.

• Huseby, Robert; Hovi, Jon & Skodvin, Tora (2024). Protecting Future Generations Through Minilateralism: Climate Clubs and Normative Legitimacy. Politics and Governance. ISSN 2183-2463. 12. doi: 10.17645/pag.7674. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Despite three decades of global climate negotiations and high expectations for the 2015 Paris Agreement, global emissions continue to grow. To protect future generations from severe harm, scholars, environmentalists, and politicians alike explore potential supplements to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change process. One potential supplement is climate clubs of a type where a small number of “enthusiastic” countries embark on ambitious mitigation efforts while encouraging other, more “reluctant” countries to join. Previous research has shown that this club type possesses a significant potential for expanding membership and eventually becoming highly effective in reducing global emissions. A common criticism of climate clubs, however, is that they lack legitimacy. Assessing this criticism, we argue that climate clubs of the type considered here can be normatively legitimate. The main challenge for normative legitimacy concerns climate clubs’ use of incentives, particularly negative incentives, to attract members. However, we argue that even negative incentives for participation can be legitimate, assuming they meet a set of relevant legitimacy criteria—including that the club respects human rights, provides a comparative benefit, maintains institutional integrity, implements only proportional incentives, and fulfills a requisite set of epistemic criteria. We also argue that the normative legitimacy of climate clubs’ use of incentives for compliance is less challenging than the normative legitimacy of their use of incentives for participation.

• Zink, Dionys; Knill, Christoph & Steinebach, Yves (2024). Bureaucratic overload and organizational policy triage: A comparative study of implementation agencies in five European countries. Regulation & Governance. ISSN 1748-5983. doi: 10.1111/rego.12581.
• Strain, Nicola Claire; Lie, Runar Hilleren; Chernykh, Yuliya; Espelid, Even; St John, Taylor & Langford, Malcolm [Show all 20 contributors for this article] (2024). Compliance politics and international investment disputes: a new dataset. Journal of international economic law. ISSN 1369-3034. 27(1), p. 70–92. doi: 10.1093/jiel/jgae004.
• Yan, Yang; Christensen, Tom & Yang, Zhusong (2024). Personnel Control and Local Officials’ Attention to Economic Development: Evidence from China. Administration & Society. ISSN 0095-3997. doi: 10.1177/00953997231223518.
• Christensen, Tom & Lægreid, Per (2024). Academic freedom and freedom of speech. Translating travelling ideas. In Arora-Jonsson, Stefan (Eds.), An ecology of ideas permeating science, higher education, and society. Essays for Kerstin Sahlin. Uppsala universitet. ISSN 978-91-513-1972-8. p. 91–108.
• Chengwei, Wang; Liang, Ma & Christensen, Tom (2024). Does leadership gender representativeness improve policy outcomes? Evidence from local governments in China. Public Administration. ISSN 0033-3298. doi: 10.1111/padm.12988.
• Knutsen, Carl Henrik; Marquardt, Kyle Lohse; Seim, Brigitte; Coppedge, Michael; Edgell, Amanda & Medzihorsky, Juraj [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2024). Conceptual and Measurement Issues in Assessing Democratic Backsliding. PS: Political Science and Politics. ISSN 1049-0965. 57(2), p. 162–177. doi: 10.1017/S104909652300077X.
• Kumlin, Staffan; Nemcok, Miroslav & van Hootegem, Arno (2024). Welfare state evaluations, normative expectations, and political trust: longitudinal evidence from Germany and Norway. Public Management Review. ISSN 1471-9037. doi: 10.1080/14719037.2023.2297292. Full text in Research Archive
• Seibicke, Helena (2024). Investigating stakeholder rationales for participating in collaborative interactions at the policy–science nexus. Policy & Politics. ISSN 0305-5736. Show summary

  Contemporary politics has become increasingly reliant on scientific knowledge. In evidence-based policymaking, science is invoked to address complex, ‘wicked’ problems. Yet, policymakers do not necessarily base decisions on the best-available evidence, and models of knowledge used in policymaking have long been criticised as simplistic. Therefore, collaboration with non-scientific actors has emerged as a possible way forward. On both sides of the policy–science nexus, collaborative interactions are extended to include ‘stakeholders’ to improve the impact of knowledge (that is, its usability and applicability). And while stakeholder involvement often follows this overarching justification, the question of stakeholder rationales for participating in these processes has previously received little scholarly attention. To address this gap, this article analyses stakeholder rationales, asking why organisations get involved in collaborative research. The theoretical expectations about divergent organisational rationales, drawing on theories of institutional and organisational logics, are investigated through an exploratory case study of stakeholders engaged in collaborative research projects in Norway. The theoretical and empirical analysis form the basis for a proposed new typology of stakeholder rationales. In this way, the article contributes towards the development of better tools for understanding and assessing the sources and potential pathways of knowledge, shaped by self-interested actors, making its way into policymaking processes, often as ‘neutral’ evidence.

• Eckert, Sandra; Steinebach, Yves & Karassin, Orr (2024). A policy portfolio approach to plastics throughout their life cycle: Supranational and national regulation in the European Union. Environmental Policy and Governance. ISSN 1756-932X. doi: 10.1002/eet.2092.
• Stokke, Olav Schram (2024). Climate Change and Institutional Resilience in Arctic Environmental Governance. Politics and Governance. ISSN 2183-2463. 12. doi: 10.17645/pag.7369. Show summary

  This article highlights recent successes and failures in efforts to manage Arctic marine living resources to improve our understanding of institutional resilience—that is, the ability of cooperative institutions to maintain their performance despite severe disruptions to their operating environments. Rising ocean temperatures and other impacts of climate change may alter the spatial distribution of fish stocks, including their relative attachment to exclusive economic zones and their availability on the high seas. As evident in the examined Arctic cases, which involve the world’s largest stocks of cod, herring and mackerel, such changes may complicate core resource management tasks, including the regulatory task of reaching an agreement among user states on quotas and other restraints that align with scientific advice. The cross-case variance in regulatory resilience to climate-related and other changes in cooperative circumstances sheds light on general propositions regarding the drivers and inhibitors of institutional resilience, including institutional characteristics and the severity of the political challenges posed by changing circumstances.

• Rasmussen, Magnus Bergli & Knutsen, Carl Henrik (2024). Laying Down The Principles: How Local Socialist Achievements Spurred National Bourgeois Support for Noncontributory Pensions. World Politics. ISSN 0043-8871. 76(1), p. 172–217. doi: 10.1353/wp.2024.a916344.
• Finn, Victoria (2023). Migrants’ Intention to Vote in Two Countries, One Country, or Neither. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties. ISSN 1745-7289. doi: 10.1080/17457289.2023.2189727. Show summary

  While most electoral behavior affects politics in just one political community, migrant voters may affect turnout rates in two: the countries of origin and residence. Considering this context, we evaluate individual-level intentions to vote in national elections, as an emigrant for origin-country elections and as an immigrant in the residence country. Examining South-South migrants, our dataset comprises 1,477 respondents from an online survey during Chile’s 2017 presidential election; 94.7% are from Latin American countries, meaning most also hold external voting rights. Chile automatically registers immigrants in the electorate for multilevel elections after a five-year residence; we find many respondents are ill-informed about this, but those who know they can vote show higher probabilities of being an immigrant voter (they vote only in the residence country) or a dual transnational voter (they vote in both countries). Being interested in politics also increases the decision to vote in not just one but two countries. Longer intention to stay increases immigrant and dual transnational voting, while decreases emigrant voting. We also find that high self-reported discrimination is conducive to participating only in origin-country elections.

• Finn, Victoria (2023). Enfranchising Migrants in Chile: A Century of Politics, Elites, and Regime Changes. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. ISSN 1369-183X. doi: 10.1080/1369183X.2023.2182714. Show summary

  Enfranchising migrants into the demos is a growing global trend, not exclusive to democracy. Analysing a country that has expanded migrant suffrage in both democracy and dictatorship, I address how and why Chile became one of the most inclusive countries worldwide for migrant voting rights. Chile was a pioneer for enacting select immigrant suffrage rights in relative democracy in 1925, expanded the rights in 1980 during dictatorship, then was a latecomer for granting emigrant voting rights in liberal democracy in 2014. Stepping away from analysing enfranchisement in consolidated democracies in the ‘Global North’, I unpack almost a century of elite-led top-down politics in Chile through historical analysis and taking 1980 enfranchisement as an extreme case. The evidence comes from constitutional laws, transcribed debates from constitutional commission sessions, scholarly literature, national censuses, and electoral data. The findings reveal the durability of migrant voting rights and a normative path dependence of who belongs as voters. Inclusivity requires not only continued implementation in elections but also rights survival through shifting ideology and political regime types.

• Umpierrez de Reguero, Sebastián; Finn, Victoria & Peltoniemi, Johanna (2023). Missing Links in Migrant Enfranchisement Studies. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. ISSN 1369-183X. doi: 10.1080/1369183X.2023.2182709. Show summary

  We identify four main strands of the migrant enfranchisement literature since 2010 and outline its main (debated) concepts. We pinpoint missing links among the strands, such as a tendency for scholars to study the electoral rights of foreign residents (immigrants) separate from nationals abroad (emigrants). Other missing links lie with actors and processes along the migrant enfranchisement legal path, with more studies focused on enacting or implementing rights versus fewer on why rights stagnate or fail to pass. Another missing link is geographic, favouring South–North over South-South enfranchisement. Despite an overall acceptance of transnational belonging and multi-territorial political participation, research agendas remain disparate across migration studies, political science, sociology, international relations, and other social sciences and humanities. Missing links are missed opportunities to merge disciplinary findings and find (causal) mechanisms to explain migrant enfranchisement. When analysing the four strands, we suggest researchers apply an immigrant-emigrant lens to include origin and residence countries and rights of both emigrants and immigrants. Each article in this Special Issue nuances one of the strands, combines them, or applies the immigrant-emigrant lens. The issue expands the geographic coverage of current studies and offers innovative comparative analyses of Africa, Europe, and Latin America.

• Hermansen, Erlend Andre T.; Boasson, Elin Lerum & Peters, Glen Philip (2023). Climate action post-Paris: how can the IPCC stay relevant? npj Climate Action. ISSN 2731-9814. 2. doi: 10.1038/s44168-023-00058-1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has been a crucial facilitator of climate change research and governance. After its sixth assessment cycle, the organization is at a critical juncture. The amount of climate science has grown tremendously over the past three decades, but so has global emissions of greenhouse gases. If the world is to reach the objectives implied by the Paris Agreement, climate action must accelerate on an unprecedented scale and pace, across widely differing contexts. Scientific knowledge will play a key role in this endeavour. Everyone who produces or relies on climate knowledge needs to wrestle with this pivotal question: How can IPCC processes and outcomes be reformed to produce knowledge that is more relevant for climate action? The organizational and resource constraints of the IPCC must be considered when searching for answers. This is an introduction to a special collection of research articles, reviews and perspectives dealing with this question from many different angles. In this introduction, we present four possible reform agendas for the IPCC in the form of ideal types, all with their advantages and disadvantages. This introduction does not advocate a certain set of reforms but rather attempts to spur discussions and reflections on the IPCC and its future.

• Engh, Sunniva; Pharo, Helge Øystein; Simensen, Jarle & Østerud, Øyvind (2023). Redaksjonens forord. In Pharo, Helge Øystein; Østerud, Øyvind; Simensen, Jarle & Engh, Sunniva (Ed.), Kampen for en ordnet verden. Dreyer Forlag A/S. ISSN 9788282656375. p. 9–12.
• Sandboe, Inger Storm & Obaidi, Milan (2023). Imagined Extremist Communities: The Paradox of the Community-Driven Lone-Actor Terrorist. Perspectives on Terrorism (PT). ISSN 2334-3745. 17(4), p. 19–41. doi: 10.19165/CAQH8148. Full text in Research Archive

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• Brandal, Nikolai; Bratberg, Øivind & Thorsen, Dag Einar (2024). Paperback edition: Social Democracy in the 21st Century . Emerald Group Publishing Limited. ISBN 9781839099557. 304 p.
• Bratberg, Øivind (2024). Årsaksforklaringer i kvalitativ analyse. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISBN 9788202756079. Show summary

  Samfunnsforskning retter seg ofte mot å granske årsakssammenhenger, men sjelden i den rene, skarpe og ofte kvantitativt inspirerte formen som begrepet forbindes med. Spranget mellom liv og lære blir særlig tydelig for studenter som benytter kvalitative data og en fortolkende innfallsvinkel. Kausale argumenter holdes frem som ideal, men kriteriene for å granske årsakssammenhenger står dårlig i stil med hva kvalitative analyser setter seg fore. Årsaksforklaringer i kvalitativ analyse etablerer et begrepssett og retningslinjer for kvalitativ analyse med fortolkende forklaring som siktemål. Boken tar for seg tre forskningsstrategier tilpasset kvalitative data: -prosessporing -kongruensanalyse -komparativ analyse Deretter følger egne kapitler rettet mot årsaksforklaring med henholdsvis tekstanalyse og forskningsintervjuer som metode.

• Askim, Jostein; Flo, Yngve; Holmøyvik, Eirik; Kolltveit, Kristoffer; Mangset, Marte & Rasch, Bjørn Erik (2024). Regjeringen: Historien, makten og hverdagen. Fagbokforlaget. ISBN 9788245040296.
• Rieker, Pernille & Giske, Mathilde Tomine Eriksdatter (2024). European Actorness in a Shifting Geopolitical Order. European Strategic Autonomy Through Differentiated Integration. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9783031445460. Show summary

  This is an open access book. Over the past decade, the global geopolitical context has changed significantly, with a geopolitical power shift and a more assertive Russia and China. With the unprovoked Russian invasion of Ukraine, European security has been put on high alert. The implications of the Russian military invasion are many and difficult to grasp in full. But the need for greater European strategic autonomy appears increasingly evident. But how can this be achieved in the short run? The answer to this question is often that it is impossible and that this can only be achieved in the long run. The aim of this book is to present a different perspective. It aims at showing that it should be possible to make the most out of the current European system if we adjust our understanding of how it works. The book argues that strategic autonomy may be reached—also in the short run—if differentiated integration is seen as an asset rather than a challenge. While the EU remains the core in such a system (together with NATO in the military domain), there is a multitude of other (bilateral and minilateral) regional and sub-regional integration processes that need to be taken into account to get the full idea of how European strategic autonomy can be achieved. This book starts by presenting a theoretical framework for how to study European actorness beyond the EU, then this framework will be applied both to the development towards the EU as a foreign policy actor through the mechanisms of enlargement.

• Hazan, Reuven Y. & Rasch, Bjørn Erik (2024). Parliaments and Government Termination. A New Perspective on Parliamentary Democracies. Routledge. ISBN 9781003397168. 260 p.
• Törnquist, Olle & Bye, Vegard (2023). Gjenreising av det globale fellesskapet. Hvor ble det av solidariteten? Kolofon Forlag AS. ISBN 978-82-300-2622-9. 336 p.

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• Borlaug, Siri Brorstad & Jungblut, Jens (2024). The limits of universities’ strategic capacity for steering research. Show summary

  Today’s universities are under pressure from multiple directions. The massive growth in students and staff has led to, amongst others, a high competition between individual academics, and universities for external funding. Studies highlight that the quest for external funding has led to a narrowing down of research topics in terms of breadth and scope, and some call for universities to more actively use their strategic capacity and leadership to create environments that also provide scholars with incentives for scholarly renewal, innovation and research beyond what is in high demand from external funders. However, the definition of strategic capacity, challenges related to it, and how universities and their leadership may use it are not always clearly defined. This policy brief addresses these challenges.

• Nordrum, Jon Christian Fløysvik & Vabo, Signy Irene (2024). Forvaltningsrevisjon i Riksrevisjonen – behov for nye perspektiver. Stat og styring. ISSN 0803-0103. 24(2), p. 130–135. doi: 10.18261/stat.34.2.10.
• Withorne, Jamie Rae (2024). Assessing the Relationship between Machine Learning and Open Source Research in International Security. In Wilson, Henrietta; Samuel, Olamide & Plesch, Dan (Ed.), Open Source Investigations in the Age of Google. World Scientific. ISSN 9781800614062. doi: 10.1142/9781800614079_0016.
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  Despite wide vote swings and party switching from election to election, India’s 2024 contest may well be decided by the substantial segment of partisan loyalists who offer unwavering support to their parties.

• Jensenius, Francesca R. (2024). Still the world’s largest democracy? India votes, 2024.
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  India, verdens største demokrati, går til valg. Eksperter frykter at valgresultatet kan føre til at demokratiet svekkes.

• Jensenius, Francesca R. & Garbo, Gro Lien (2024). Valg i India: Hvorfor ligger populisten Narendra Modi an til å vinne for tredje gang? [Radio]. Universitetsplassen. Show summary

  Det er valg i India, som med sine over 1,3 milliarder innbyggere nå er verdens mest folkerike land. Alt tyder på at sittende statsminister Modi – også kalt Indias Trump – blir gjenvalgt. Hvorfor det? Hvilke konsekvenser kan det få om han fortsetter å ta India i en hindunasjonalistisk retning? Og hvorfor skal vi i Norge bry oss?

• Jensenius, Francesca R. & Garbo, Gro Lien (2024). Valg i India: Populisten Modi ser ut til å vinne for tredje gang. [Internet]. Universitetsplassen. Show summary

  Det er valg i India, som med sine over 1,3 milliarder innbyggere nå er verdens mest folkerike land. Mye tyder på at sittende statsminister Modi – også kalt Indias Trump – blir gjenvalgt. Hvorfor det? Og hva står på spill?

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• Nemcok, Miroslav; Van Hootegem, Arno & Kumlin, Staffan (2023). Unfulfilled Expectations and Unexpected Help: How Initial Risks and Subsequent Welfare Benefits Jointly Shape Political Trust.
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  The new Mobilisation Act will not only impact Ukrainians who currently reside in Ukraine, but also the millions of Ukrainians who have fled to or live in other countries. In this policy brief, we present the main changes the new Mobilisation Act entails for Ukrainian citizens living abroad, including both those who fled the war after February 2022 and those who lived temporarily or permanently abroad before the full-scale Russian invasion.

• Vabo, Signy Irene (2023). Statlig styring og likeverdige velferdstjenester. Kommunal- og distriktsdepartementet, NOU 2023:9 Generalistkommunesystemet Likt ansvar – ulike forutsetninge, vedlegg 2.

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