Rikke Iren Tokle

• Bilgrei, Ola Røed; Scheffels, Janne; Buvik, Kristin & Tokle, Rikke (2024). The green shift? Narratives of changing cannabis policies and identity-work among Norwegian adolescents. In Wanke, Michał; Sandberg, Sveinung; Macit, Ruken & Gulerce, Hakan (Ed.), Cannabis: Cultures and Markets. Taylor & Francis. ISSN 9781003468967. p. 39–48.
• Tokle, Rikke & Scheffels, Janne (2024). Bruk av e-sigaretter som ungdomskultur. Forebygging.no. ISSN 2535-4000. 7. doi: 10.21340/x3b6-qc21.
• Stefansen, Kari; Solstad, Gerd Marie & Tokle, Rikke (2023). What Happened to Me? Ambiguity and Surety in Narratives of Intoxicated Sexual Assault. Sociology. ISSN 0038-0385. doi: 10.1177/00380385231209243.
• Tokle, Rikke; Buvik, Kristin; Stefansen, Kari & Solstad, Gerd Marie (2023). Safety strategies, status positioning and gendered double standards: adolescents’ narratives of sexualised risk in alcohol intoxication contexts. Journal of Youth Studies. ISSN 1367-6261. doi: 10.1080/13676261.2023.2174010. Full text in Research Archive
• Scheffels, Janne; Brunborg, Geir Scott; Bilgrei, Ola Røed; Tokle, Rikke; Burdzovic Andreas, Jasmina & Buvik, Kristin (2023). Ambivalence in Adolescents’ Alcohol Expectancies: A Longitudinal Mixed Methods Study Among 12-to-18-Year-Olds. Journal of Adolescent Research. ISSN 0743-5584. doi: 10.1177/07435584221150909. Full text in Research Archive
• Scheffels, Janne; Tokle, Rikke; Linnansaari, Anu; Rasmussen, Sofie & Charlotta, Pisinger (2022). E-cigarette use in global digital youth culture. A qualitative study of the social practices and meaning of vaping among 15–20-year-olds in Denmark, Finland, and Norway. International journal of drug policy. ISSN 0955-3959. 111. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103928. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: The introduction of e-cigarettes on the tobacco market has brought new regulatory challenges, and particular concerns relate to e-cigarette uptake among young people. The aim of this study was to explore the use and social meaning of e-cigarettes among Nordic young people and to discuss this in the context of current legislation. Methods: Thirteen focus groups were conducted with 46 Danish, Finnish, and Norwegian young people (24 boys) with vaping experience aged 15–20 years (mean age 17 years). Results: Young people’s vaping stood out as an inherently social practice that was commonly interlinked with experimental use patterns. Relative to smoking, vaping was seen as socially acceptable and less harmful to health. Product innovations like flavour additives and nicotine-free liquid options added to perceptions of low harm, and innovative device design features facilitated new and playful user practices. Finally, digital markets eased the young people’s access to e-cigarettes, and the digital world also represented an arena for e-cigarette exposure and self-presentation. They commonly viewed vaping-related content in their social media feeds and also produced such content themselves. Conclusion: Young people’s vaping is a social practice interwoven in contemporary digital and global youth culture. Transnational regulations are needed to support individual countries in preventing e-cigarette use and exposure among young people

• Raitasalo, Kirsimarja; Bye, Elin Kristin; Pisinger, Charlotta; Scheffels, Janne; Tokle, Rikke & Kinnunen, Jaana M. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). Single, Dual, and Triple Use of Cigarettes, e-Cigarettes, and Snus among Adolescents in the Nordic Countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 19(2). doi: 10.3390/ijerph19020683. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  New tobacco and nicotine products have emerged on the market in recent years. Most research has concerned only one product at a time, usually e-cigarettes, while little is known about the multiple use of tobacco and nicotine products among adolescents. We examined single, dual, and triple use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and snus among Nordic adolescents, using data of 15–16-year-olds (n = 16,125) from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD) collected in 2015 and 2019 from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the Faroe Islands. Country-specific lifetime use of any of these products ranged between 40% and 50%, and current use between 17% and 31%. Cigarettes were the most common product in all countries except for Iceland, where e-cigarettes were remarkably more common. The proportion of dual and triple users was unexpectedly high among both experimental (24%–49%) and current users (31–42%). Triple use was less common than dual use. The users’ patterns varied somewhat between the countries, and Iceland differed substantially from the other countries, with a high proportion of single e-cigarette users. More knowledge on the patterns of multiple use of tobacco and nicotine products and on the potential risk and protective factors is needed for targeted intervention and prevention efforts.

• Bilgrei, Ola Røed; Scheffels, Janne; Buvik, Kristin & Tokle, Rikke (2022). The green shift? Narratives of changing cannabis policies and identity-work among Norwegian adolescents. Drugs: education prevention and policy. ISSN 0968-7637. 29(4), p. 355–363. doi: 10.1080/09687637.2021.2023468. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Recent years have seen a growing public debate concerning the political regulation of cannabis products, substantiated by a multitude of competing narratives about the effects of various policies. However, little is known about how these ongoing discussions influence the meaning-making of cannabis use within wider contemporary youth cultures. Based on interviews with 80 Norwegian adolescents aged 16–17 years, this study explores narratives of changing cannabis policies and the type of work that these stories do in adolescents’ identity-work. The analysis illustrates that the participants relied on several narrative frameworks that were characteristic of the drug political discourse. Interlinked with two contrasting political identities – the progressive and the conservative – the adolescents presented stories of how various regulatory reforms would either increase or decrease levels of cannabis use, as well as discussions of relative drug harms, and how reforms would potentially lead to negative or positive health outcomes. As such, these political narratives not only informed the young people’s understandings of cannabis use, but also helped to position them within their broader social, cultural, and political surroundings. The study demonstrates how adolescents make selective use of the drug-political narratives that circulate within contemporary society to negotiate issues of personal identity.

• Tokle, Rikke; Brunborg, Geir Scott & Vedøy, Tord Finne (2021). Adolescents' use of nicotine-free and nicotine e-cigarettes: A longitudinal study of vaping transitions and vaper characteristics. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. ISSN 1462-2203. p. 1–8. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntab192. Full text in Research Archive
• Sæbø, Gunnar; Tokle, Rikke & Lund, Ingeborg (2021). Newspaper Coverage of Snus in an Emerging Norwegian Snus Market 2002-2011: A Content Analysis. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. ISSN 1462-2203. 24(2), p. 212–219. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntab171. Full text in Research Archive
• Buvik, Kristin; Tokle, Rikke; Bilgrei, Ola Røed & Scheffels, Janne (2021). Alcohol use in adolescence: a qualitative longitudinal study of mediators for drinking and non-drinking. Drugs: education prevention and policy. ISSN 0968-7637. 29(6), p. 685–693. doi: 10.1080/09687637.2021.1952931. Full text in Research Archive
• Bilgrei, Ola Røed; Buvik, Kristin; Tokle, Rikke & Scheffels, Janne (2021). Cannabis, youth and social identity: the evolving meaning of cannabis use in adolescence. Journal of Youth Studies. ISSN 1367-6261. 25(9), p. 1199–1214. doi: 10.1080/13676261.2021.1948513.
• Tokle, Rikke Iren (2020). ‘Vaping and fidget-spinners’: A qualitative, longitudinal study of e-cigarettes in adolescence. International journal of drug policy. ISSN 0955-3959. 82. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102791. Full text in Research Archive
• Scheffels, Janne; Buvik, Kristin; Tokle, Rikke Iren & Rossow, Ingeborg (2020). Normalisation of non-drinking? 15–16-year-olds' accounts of refraining from alcohol. Drug and Alcohol Review. ISSN 0959-5236. 39(6), p. 729–736. doi: 10.1111/dar.13084.
• Tokle, Rikke Iren (2020). Bottom-up meets top-down: exploring vapers’ accounts of risk in a context of e-cigarette controversies. Health, Risk and Society. ISSN 1369-8575. 22(2), p. 107–124. doi: 10.1080/13698575.2020.1749571. Full text in Research Archive
• Brunborg, Geir Scott; Scheffels, Janne; Tokle, Rikke Iren; Buvik, Kristin; Kvaavik, Elisabeth & Burdzovic, Jasmina (2019). Monitoring young lifestyles (MyLife) - a prospective longitudinal quantitative and qualitative study of youth development and substance use in Norway. BMJ Open. ISSN 2044-6055. 9(10), p. 1–13. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031084. Full text in Research Archive
• Tokle, Rikke Iren & Pedersen, Willy (2019). “Cloud chasers” and “substitutes”: E-cigarettes, vaping subcultures and vaper identities. Sociology of Health and Illness. ISSN 0141-9889. 41(5), p. 917–932. doi: 10.1111/1467-9566.12854. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The use of e-cigarettes is increasing, a practice denoted as vaping. We explore user motives, self-identity as vapers and involvement in vaping subcultures, drawing on sociological theory of stigma, subcultures and symbolic boundaries. Based on analyses of semi-structured interviews with 30 Norwegian vapers, we find that there is a vaping subculture in Norway. We identify two dominant vaper identities. The first is labelled cloud chasers. These were dedicated vapers who identified with symbols and values in the subculture. Many were politically engaged in improving vaping regulation regimes and felt a sense of belonging to a vaping community. The second group is labelled substitutes. These were former daily smokers who used e-cigarettes for smoking cessation in a more pragmatic and defensive manner, to avoid health risks, to escape the stigma of smoking and to manage nicotine addiction. In this group, a self-identity as a vaper was generally lacking. Vaping was often symbolically linked to the stigmatised smoker identity they wanted to escape, and was restricted to private contexts. The perceived symbolic meaning of e-cigarettes varies: for some, they are a symbol of pleasure and community. For others, they connote the stigmatised status of the addicted smoker seeking an alternative to cigarettes.

• Lundberg, Camilla S.; Kvaavik, Elisabeth & Tokle, Rikke Iren (2019). Nye bruksmønstre i et tobakksmarked i endring – kombinert bruk av sigaretter, snus og e-sigaretter blant ungdom. Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs (NAD). ISSN 1455-0725. 36(1), p. 6–20. doi: 10.1177/1455072518797823. Full text in Research Archive
• Sæbø, Gunnar; Scheffels, Janne & Tokle, Rikke Iren (2017). “It looks kind of cool when cool people smoke, but…” Norwegian adolescents’ decoding of smoking scenes in films. Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs (NAD). ISSN 1455-0725. 34(6), p. 481–496. doi: 10.1177/1455072517743426. Full text in Research Archive
• Scheffels, Janne & Tokle, Rikke Iren (2017). ‘Addicted to being cool’: occasional smoking in a western context of tobacco denormalization. Addiction Research and Theory. ISSN 1606-6359. 25(5), p. 368–374. doi: 10.1080/16066359.2017.1285913.

View all works in Cristin

• Tokle, Rikke & Stefansen, Kari (2024). WHAT FIRST SEX IS FOR. The interplay between Sexual Projects and Sexual Debut Experiences in Youth .
• Frøyland, Lars Roar; Tokle, Rikke; Burdzovic, Jasmina & Brunborg, Geir Scott (2024). Sexting and Mental Health in Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study. Journal of Adolescent Health. ISSN 1054-139X. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.04.018. Show summary

  Purpose Research has shown that sexting—the practice of sending, receiving, and forwarding sexual messages on digital media services—is associated with poor mental health. However, few studies have moved beyond cross-sectional designs, demonstrating that individuals who engage in sexting differ in mental health from those who do not. The purpose of our study was to investigate whether sexting was associated with increases in depression symptoms and conduct problems over time. Methods We analyzed data from three rounds of the longitudinal MyLife study among Norwegian adolescents (n = 3,000). The participants completed e-questionnaires containing instruments on sexting and mental health at three annual assessments. Random intercept cross-lagged panel models were estimated to examine the effect of sexting on within-person changes in mental health, measured one year later. We also examined the potential reverse order of the effects. Results In accordance with findings from cross-sectional research, the analyses showed that boys who frequently engaged in sexting also reported more depression symptoms and conduct problems. For girls, we found only a significant between-person association for sexting and depression symptoms. However, sexting was not predictive of changes in depression symptoms or conduct problems over time. On the contrary, conduct problems predicted increased sexting scores but only for girls. Discussion Our results suggest that efforts to reduce sexting may not prevent mental health problems among young people. Intervention efforts should thus redirect attention from sexting as a driver of individual mental health problems to educating adolescents on how to perform safe and responsible sexting.

• Tokle, Rikke (2024). Russetiden gir fest, moro – og risiko for overgrep. Mange unge mener det er vanskelig å vite hvor grensen går. [Radio]. NRK.
• Tokle, Rikke & Waagbø, Erik (2024). Økning i vaping blant ungdommer: – Mange bruker doen til ting den ikke skal brukes til. [Newspaper]. Nrk.no.
• Schwencke, Ellen Oftedal & Tokle, Rikke (2024). Russetiden er høysesong for seksuelle krenkelser. Dette er det alle russ og foreldre bør snakke om. Aftenposten. Show summary

  Drikking, «hooking» og sex. Russetiden står på trappene. For mange innebærer det fest og seksuell utforskning. Det kan være spennende og gøy, men det gjør også russetiden til rødsone for seksuelle krenkelser. Her er en ABC til generell seksuell grensesetting.

• Tokle, Rikke (2024). E-sigaretter og ungdomsbruk. [TV]. Helgemorgen NRK .
• Tokle, Rikke; Haraldsen, Stian; Barth-Nilsen, Kate; Lindblad, Knut-Eirik & Tønset, Arne Egil (2024). Slår alarm: – Det kan lukte jordbær på toalettet. [Internet]. Nrk.no. Show summary

  Veien ut for voksne. Veien inn for ungdom, frykter skoler og politikere – som ber foreldre sjekke sekken til ungene.

• Tokle, Rikke (2024). E-sigaretter: Rektor bekymret for ungdomstrend . [Radio]. NRK P2.
• Tokle, Rikke & Eriksen, Nina (2023). Økning i bruk av e-sigaretter. [Internet]. ungdata.no.
• DigiUng Helsedirektoratet, Randi Buckley & Tokle, Rikke (2023). Vaping tar av blant unge. Er det så farlig?
• Tokle, Rikke & Sjøberg, Jeanette (2023). Tenåringer som «vaper» – bør vi bekymre oss? – Et nytt og komplekst bilde, mener forsker. . [Newspaper]. Aftenposten. Show summary

  «Vaping» har økt betydelig blant de unge den aller siste tiden. Men hva vet man egentlig om konsekvensene?

• Tokle, Rikke (2023). Vaping i tenårene: Uskyldig moro, eller noe som bør bekymre oss? . Show summary

  Nesten ingen ungdommer røyker daglig, men festrøyking er utbredt, og det er økende bruk av e-sigaretter, såkalt vaping. Er vaping uskyldig moro? Kan det komme til å bli et problem?

• Tokle, Rikke & Husebye, Johanna Magdalena (2023). Bursdagsfesten ble en nær-døden-opplevelse for Ida. [Internet]. NRK. Show summary

  Faren på festenMange unge kvinner tenker over mer enn hva de skal ha på seg, hva de skal drikke, og hvordan de skal komme seg til en fest.Forskning viser at risikovurdering er en naturlig del av fest og uteliv for kvinner.

• Farshchian, Veronica & Tokle, Rikke (2023). Vaping er blitt den nye festrøyken. [Newspaper]. Adresseavisen. Show summary

  Dette er nye ungdomsfenomenet: –Alle vil smake. Det som skulle få røykavhengige til å slutte å røyke, har nå fanget de unges oppmerksomhet.

• Selmer-Andersen, Per Chr. & Tokle, Rikke (2023). Det ble «ut» da røykeloven kom. Nå har det skjedd igjen: Å ta seg en sigg er blitt trendy. [Newspaper]. A-magasinet . Show summary

  Det kan være livsfarlig å festrøyke, mener forskere. Stadig flere unge gjør det likevel. Hva skjedde med Generasjon skikkelig?

• Tokle, Rikke & Hellem-Hansen, Viktoria L. (2023). Flere unge "vaper": Nå kan nettsalg bli forbudt. [Internet]. Nrk.no. Show summary

  Flere unge «vaper», viser nye tall. Det vil bli lovlig i Norge, men høyere aldersgrense og flere tiltak vurderes.

• Tokle, Rikke & Kingsrød, Marie Golimo (2023). Ungdommens "vape" kultur: – Helt sykt . [Newspaper]. VG.
• Tokle, Rikke (2023). Hvordan forklare og forstå kriminalitet? Ny forskning på lovbrytere og ofre: Narrativer om kjønnet seksuell risiko i drikkesituasjoner . Show summary

  I ungdomstiden betyr drikking og fest gjerne sosialisering og moro, men også en økt risiko for seksuelle overgrep. I denne studien utvider vi forståelsen av seksuell vold som et systemisk angrep, ved å undersøke hvordan ungdom forstår og navigerer seksuell risiko i drikkesituasjoner. Fra analysen, basert på et narrativt perspektiv og intervjuer med 95 15- til 19-åringer, fant vi at ungdommene knyttet drikking til risikoen for ‘totalt tap av kontroll’ og, blant jentene spesifikt, til risikoen for å bli utsatt for seksuelle overgrep. Underbygget av sirkulerende fortellinger fra media og jevnaldrende, var seksuell risiko i drikkesitusjoner et masternarrativ – en utbredt og etablert visshet om egen seksuell utsatthet – som formet jentenes oppførsel på måter som samsvarer med et kjønnet risikoregime. For å navigere seksuell risiko beskrev jentene individuelle og 3 sosiale sikkerhetsstrategier som understreket viktigheten av kontroll. Samtidig, flere av strategiene forutsatte at jentene også hadde sosiale ressurser, som venner, nettverk og tilgang til antatt ‘tryggere fester’. Noe jentene med lavere status, i kontrast til høy-status jentene, var i mindre besittelse av. Generelt, fremsto jentenes søken etter kontroll som et tveegget sverd:¬ den minimerte risiko, kunne bidra til trygghetsfølelse, men forutsatt selvdisiplinering og innskrenket frihet. Forståelsen av risikohåndtering som individuelt ansvar, åpnet også for kjønnede stemplingspraksiser og reproduksjon av dobbeltmoralske forventinger rundt beruselse og sex blant ungdom. På grunn av koblingen mellom sosial posisjon og risikohåndtering, kan risikoregimet likevel bidra til å særlig forsterke sårbarheten blant jenter med begrenset sosial status.

• Guldbrandsen, Christine; Ertzeid, Heidi & Tokle, Rikke (2023). Ungdommer om festovergrep: – Fulle jenter er lette bytter. [Internet]. https://www.oslomet.no/forskning/forskningsnyheter/.
• Tokle, Rikke; Stefansen, Kari; Solstad, Gerd Marie & Buvik, Kristin (2023). «Fulle jenter er lette bytter»: Seksuell risiko og beskyttelsesstrategier blant ungdom på fest. Nettstedet www.forebygging.no.
• Bull-Valen, Erik; Tokle, Rikke & Scheffels, Janne (2023). Folkehelsepodden: Hvordan bruker ungdom e-sigaretter? [Radio]. FHI.
• Tokle, Rikke (2023). Bruksmønstre blant ungdom i et tobakkslandskap i endring.
• Nyborg, Johannes & Tokle, Rikke (2022). Ung seksualitet: Helsearbeidere mest bekymret for porno. [Newspaper]. Vårt land.
• Tokle, Rikke; Solstad, Gerd Marie; Stefansen, Kari & Frøyland, Lars Roar (2022). Seksualkultur i ungdomstiden.
• Tokle, Rikke (2022). Røyk, snus og e-sigaretter: bruk blant ungdom i et tobakkslandskap i endring.
• Stefansen, Kari; Solstad, Gerd Marie & Tokle, Rikke (2022). A typology of intoxicated sexual assault: Participation, desire and socio-sexual status dynamics.
• Stefansen, Kari; Solstad, Gerd Marie & Tokle, Rikke (2022). A typology of intoxicated sexual assault: Participation, desire and socio-sexual status dynamics .
• Schwencke, Ellen Oftedal & Tokle, Rikke (2021). Håper røykeregler stumpes. [Newspaper]. Klassekampen.
• Tokle, Rikke (2021). Skillnader i hur unga och vuxna uppfattar e-cigaretter. [Journal]. Alkohol & Narkotika.
• Tokle, Rikke Iren (2019). Hvorfor har så mange dødd av vaping i USA? [Radio]. NRK-podcast "Oppdatert".
• Tokle, Rikke Iren (2019). ‘Cloud chasers’ and ‘substitutes’: e-cigarettes, vaping subcultures and vaper identities. Sociology Lens.
• Tokle, Rikke; Kvaavik, Elisabeth & Lundberg, Camilla S. (2018). Tobakksmarkedet er i endring – unge mennesker bruker tobakksprodukter på nye måter. popNAD.
• Sæbø, Gunnar; Scheffels, Janne & Tokle, Rikke (2018). Hur tolker unge røykescener på film? . popNAD.
• Tokle, Rikke & Lysvold, Susanne Skjåstad (2016). Professor:-Skammer meg ikke over å røyke. [Internet]. NRK.
• Bilgrei, Ola Røed & Tokle, Rikke Iren (2015). E-sigaretter som potensiale for inhalering og innførsel av narkotika. In Lund, Karl Erik & Vedøy, Tord Finne (Ed.), Hvilken betydning har elektroniske sigaretter? - for røykeslutt, som inngangsport til røyking blant unge, for renormalisering av tobakksrøyking i samfunnet og som mulig inntaksmetode for narkotika?. Statens institutt for rusmiddelforskning. ISSN 978-82-7171-423-9. p. 89–94. Show summary

  Denne antologien sammenfatter eksisterende kunnskap om de samfunnsmessige aspektene ved elektroniske sigaretter. Innledningsvis (del 1) gjør Karl Erik Lund rede for et mulig skadereduserende potensiale ved e-sigaretter og diskuterer dette i lys av eksisterende tobakkspreventive tiltak. Videre diskuterer Lund (del 2) mulige sammenhenger mellom bruk av e-sigaretter og røykeslutt. Hovedkonklusjonen er at per dags dato viser forskning at e-sigaretter demper røyketrang, mildner abstinenssymptomer, reduserer sigarettforbruket og har effekt på røykeslutt. Den sosial og demografiske sammensetningen av e-sigarettbrukerne undersøkes av Ingeborg Lund i del 3. Studier fra Europa og USA har vist at siden e-sigaretter kom på markedet har bruken økt jevnt, særlig i land hvor tilgangen på produktet er god. Det er først og fremst røykere og tidligere røykere som både har eksperimentert med e-sigaretter, og som har blitt faste brukere. Dette viser også nye tall over e-sigarettbruk i Norge; blant ikke-røykere og røykere som ikke tidligere hadde røykt daglig, var det ingen som brukte e-sigaretter regelmessig. E-sigarettens potensiale for nyrekruttering av ungdom uten foregående erfaring med tobakksprodukter blir diskutert av Tord Finne Vedøy i del 4. Studier fra England kan tyde på at e-sigaretten følger et diffusjonsforløp, men at de er stort sett tiltrekkende blant de som allerede røyker vanlige sigaretter. Vedøy adresserer også spørsmålet om bruk av e-sigaretter kan være en inngangsport til røyking (del 5). Da det ikke foreligger gode studier av en eventuell «gateway-effekt» blir denne diskutert i lys av de krav som må tilfredsstilles for at vi kan si at det foreligger en årsakssammenheng mellom e-sigaretter og røyking. Konklusjonen er at e-sigaretter foreløpig ikke kan ansees som en inngangsport til røyking. I del 6 diskuterer Gunnar Sæbø & Janne Scheffels et begrep som ofte settes i sammenheng med e-sigaretter, nemlig at e-sigarettene renormaliserer røyking. Sæbø & Scheffels argumenter for at dette potensialet må sees i sammenheng med e-sigarettens denormaliseringspotensiale og at slike begrep må forstås normativt. Konklusjonen er at det til nå er lite som tyder på at e-sigarettene renormaliserer sigarettrøyking. Avslutningsvis diskuterer Ola Røed Bilgrei og Rikke Tokle e-sigaretter som potensiale for inhalering og innførsel av narkotika. Syntetiske cannabinoider og cannabis (marihuana) er de illegale rusmidlene som per i dag synes mest aktuelle for bruk i disse elektroniske fordamperne. Det foreligger imidlertid lite forskning på utbredelsen av fenomenet.

• Tokle, Rikke & Rognø, Linn merete (2012). Her er rådene for deg som vil slutte å snuse. [Newspaper]. ABC nyheter.
• Tokle, Rikke & Bakken, Anders (2023). Røyking, snusing og vaping . OsloMet - storbyuniversitetet. Show summary

  Gjennom Ungdata kartlegges rusmiddelvanene til ungdom i Norge. I notatet gir vi en oversikt over hvordan ungdom har svart på spørsmål om røyking, snusing og vaping. I hovedtrekk finner vi at de fleste ikke bruker tobakksprodukter og e-sigaretter. Mens røyking har vært nokså stabilt de siste åtte årene, har snusbruken falt betraktelig. Å røyke eller vape daglig er noe en svært liten minoritet av ungdom driver med. Samtidig er det en del som snuser daglig og en del som røyker eller vaper av og til. Vi ser at e-sigaretter er et fenomen med betydelig vekst den aller siste tiden. Vi finner også en sterk sammen- heng mellom røyking, snusing og vaping. Samlet sett tyder funnene på at det å bruke tobakks(relaterte) produkter fremdeles innehar en viss symbolsk kraft i ungdomstiden.

• Tokle, Rikke (2014). Elektroniske sigaretter – bruksmønster, brukergrupper og brukerkultur. SIRUS. ISSN 978-82-7171-420-8. Full text in Research Archive
• Sæbø, Gunnar & Tokle, Rikke (2014). Norske avisers dekning av snus 2002-2011 - en innholdsanalyse. Statens institutt for rusmiddelforskning. ISSN 978-82-7171-414-7. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The number of articles about snus in Norwegian newspapers rose slightly in the period 2002–2011; most of this increase occurred in the first five years. The size (word count) of the individual stories, however, remained largely unchanged. The major newspapers with the highest circulation – i.e. national newspapers and major regional newspapers – carry the majority of stories dealing with snus. This may indicate that the debate in the press concerning snus is more of a national than local phenomenon. Nevertheless, the number of stories in Nordlys and Adresseavisen is among the highest in the country. Both are regional newspapers in regions with the highest proportion of snus users. When it comes to journalistic genre, articles about snus tend to be presented as news stories. We also find a number of reports and features dealing with snus. Thematically, the prevalence of snus use, tobacco policy, economics/market and health all receive about the same amount of attention. Stories concerning government policy on snus are often negative/critical, while reports on economic factors are often positive. Health stories are usually negatively angled, or balanced. Stories referencing the prevalence of snus use have no apparent bias either way. The people most frequently cited/interviewed in the stories are researchers, opinion writers, industry, civil servants and public officials and organization representatives. The industry is primarily represented in stories dealing with the economy and markets, politicians are mainly represented in stories dealing with public measures and restrictions, while scientists tend to speak out about health issues. The industry is overrepresented in positively angled stories and underrepresented in negatively angled stories. For the representatives of various tobacco-related organizations, the reverse applies; they are more likely to appear in negatively angled stories and less likely in positively angled ones. The qualitative analysis can be summarized as follows: The content of the articles indicates that the trend depicted in the press is pointing towards the normalization of snus in Norwegian society. Variants of the same themes recur throughout the decade and newspapers convey “contradictory” messages about the risks to health of snus. The media seem to play an important role in the marketing of snus in a country like Norway, where tobacco advertising is banned.

• Sæbø, Gunnar; Bilgrei, Ola Røed; Lund, Karl Erik; Scheffels, Janne & Tokle, Rikke (2012). «Vi blir en sånn utstøtt gruppe til slutt…» Røykeres syn på egen røyking og denormaliseringsstrategier i tobakkspolitikken. Statens institutt for rusmiddelforskning. ISSN 978-82-7171-382-9. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The anthology sheds light on the experience of smokers with a policy of tobacco denormalization on the basis of their situation, social position and perspective. The chapters explore various aspects of the use of a hazardous product that is increasingly being defined as vulgar and ‘naff' and hemmed in by ever tighter regulations. Some of the issues that are addressed include the extent of support and backing for the measures among current smokers, and the effect of these measures and of the hostile climate on users' self-understanding and social relations. The report starts by explaining what we understand by the denormalization of smoking and smokers, and how the idea shaped and informed efforts to control tobacco use in Norway and the West. As a policy it has been successful in the sense of reducing by a significant amount the size of the smoking population in recent decades. At the same time, however, signals emerging from several countries suggest that the policy has unintended consequences for the remaining smokers, especially a subjective experience of devalued social standing and stigmatization. Given these findings and the apparently dysfunctional effect of restrictive policies, there is obviously a need for more studies of smokers' self-understanding than has been possible up to now. This report presents five empirical analyses, all based on the user's vantage point. To ensure that policies adopted by a society succeed, i.e., that they perform in line with expectations, it is important to determine whether there is support for the measures, not only among the general public, but among the people targeted by the policy. Karl Erik Lund, in his article on «Smokers' resistance to new tobacco control measures», notes the determined resistance of a very high proportion of current smokers to smoking restrictions, particularly restrictions on the sale of cigarettes. There is slightly less opposition to new restrictions on access. The scale of the opposition to the proposed measures is unprecedented, and may indicate significant difficulties ahead in terms of legitimizing and enforcing compliance with the measures, especially if the most controversial ones are put into effect. The three subsequent articles discuss various strategies open to smokers in response to the denormalization policy. The first can be described as a conscious decision not to let oneself be defined as a smoker. «I'm not really a smoker» is a popular self-perception among many of the better educated partygoers and occasional smokers. In «Intermittent smoking - A double distinction? Keeping your distance from daily smokers and straight non-smokers», Rikke Iren Tokle demonstrates with great clarity how far the cigarette is woven into the social life of creative young urbanites, and how occasional smoking can express a form of resistance to the notion of dependency associated with daily smoking and the concern for health displayed by non-smokers. In light of the wider idea of denormalization, redefining smoking behaviour is seen as a way of evading binary definitions like smoker/non-smoker.

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