Marianne Skogbrott Birkeland

• Fagermoen, Else Merete; Skjærvø, Ingeborg; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Jensen, Tine & Ormhaug, Silje Mørup (2024). The bidirectional associations between caregiver and child symptoms in the parent-led treatment stepping together for children after trauma. Behaviour Research and Therapy. ISSN 0005-7967. 173. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104459.
• Hoppen, Thole H.; Meiser-Stedman, Richard; Kip, Ahlke; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott & Morina, Nexhmedin (2024). The efficacy of psychological interventions for adult post-traumatic stress disorder following exposure to single versus multiple traumatic events: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. The Lancet Psychiatry. ISSN 2215-0374. 11(2), p. 112–122. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(23)00373-5.
• Blix, Ines; Glad, Kristin Alve; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Rustand, Andrea Nordvoll & Thoresen, Siri (2023). Warning signals? An explorative study of distant recollections of the moments before a disaster. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. ISSN 2000-8066. 14(1). doi: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2180947.
• Bartels, Lasse; Skar, Ane-Marthe Solheim; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Ormhaug, Silje Mørup; Berliner, Lucy & Jensen, Tine (2023). The differential impact of the DSM-5 post-traumatic stress symptoms on functional impairment in traumatized children and adolescents. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. ISSN 1018-8827. p. 1–9. doi: 10.1007/s00787-023-02266-w.
• Hoppen, Thole H.; Meiser-Stedman, Richard; Jensen, Tine; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott & Morina, Nexhmedin (2023). Efficacy of psychological interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents exposed to single versus multiple traumas: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMC Psychiatry. ISSN 1471-244X. 222(5), p. 196–203. doi: 10.1192/bjp.2023.24.
• Jensen, Tine; Braathu, Nora; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Ormhaug, Silje Mørup & Skar, Ane-Marthe Solheim (2022). Complex PTSD and treatment outcomes in TF-CBT for youth: A naturalistic study. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. ISSN 2000-8066. 13(2), p. 1–11. doi: 10.1080/20008066.2022.2114630.
• Sachser, Cedric; Berliner, Lucy; Risch, Elisabeth; Rosner, Rita; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott & Eilers, Rebekka [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2022). The child and Adolescent Trauma Screen 2 (CATS-2) – validation of an instrument to measure DSM-5 and ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD in children and adolescents. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. ISSN 2000-8066. 13(2). doi: 10.1080/20008066.2022.2105580.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Skar, Ane-Marthe Solheim & Jensen, Tine (2022). Understanding the relationships between trauma type and individual posttraumatic stress symptoms: A cross-sectional study of a clinical sample of children and adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. ISSN 0021-9630. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13602.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Thoresen, Siri & Blix, Ines (2021). No buffer effect of perceived social support for people exposed to violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional community study. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. ISSN 2000-8066. 12(1), p. 1–11. doi: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1990551.
• Thoresen, Siri; Blix, Ines; Wentzel-Larsen, Tore & Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott (2021). Trusting others during a pandemic: Investigating potential changes in generalized trust and Its relationship with pandemic-related experiences and worry. Frontiers in Psychology. ISSN 1664-1078. 12:698519, p. 1–9. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.698519.
• Askeland, Ingunn Rangul; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Lømo, Bente & Tjersland, Odd Arne (2021). Changes in Violence and Clinical Distress Among Men in Individual Psychotherapy for Violence Against Their Female Partner: An Explorative Study. Frontiers in Psychology. ISSN 1664-1078. 12. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.710294.
• Blix, Ines; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott & Thoresen, Siri (2021). Worry and mental health in the Covid-19 pandemic: vulnerability factors in the general Norwegian population. BMC Public Health. ISSN 1471-2458. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10927-1.
• Fosse, Roar; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Blix, Ines; Strand, Monica; Møller, Paul & Thoresen, Siri (2020). Covid-19: Reaksjoner hos brukere av behandlings­tilbud for psykiske vansker og rusproblemer. Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening. ISSN 0332-6470. 57(11), p. 804–815.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Blix, Ines & Thoresen, Siri (2020). Trauma in the third decade: Ruminative coping, social relationships and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Journal of Affective Disorders. ISSN 0165-0327. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.095.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Holt, Tonje; Ormhaug, Silje Mørup & Jensen, Tine K. (2020). Perceived social support and posttraumatic stress symptoms in children and youth in therapy: A parallel process latent growth curve model. Behaviour Research and Therapy. ISSN 0005-7967. 132. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103655. Full text in Research Archive
• Blix, Ines; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott & Thoresen, Siri (2020). Vivid memories of distant trauma: Examining the characteristics of trauma memories and the relationship with the centrality of event and posttraumatic stress 26 years after trauma. Applied Cognitive Psychology. ISSN 0888-4080. doi: 10.1002/acp.3650.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Greene, Talya & Spiller, Tobias (2019). The network approach to posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review . European Journal of Psychotraumatology. ISSN 2000-8066. 11:1700614(1), p. 1–15. doi: 10.1080/20008198.2019.1700614.
• Olff, Miranda; Amstadter, Ananda B.; Armour, Cherie; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Bui, Eric & Cloitre, Marylène [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2019). A decennial review of psychotraumatology: what did we learn and where are we going? European Journal of Psychotraumatology. ISSN 2000-8066. 10(1), p. 1–24. doi: 10.1080/20008198.2019.1672948.
• Strøm, Ida Frugård; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Aakvaag, Helene Flood & Thoresen, Siri (2019). Trajectories of Alcohol Use and Alcohol Intoxication in Young Adults Exposed to Childhood Violence and Later Problematic Drinking Behavior. Journal of Family Violence. ISSN 0885-7482. doi: 10.1007/s10896-019-00094-8.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Aakvaag, Helene Flood; Strøm, Ida Frugård & Thoresen, Siri (2019). Sosiale relasjoner som konsekvens og risikofaktor. In Aakvaag, Helene Flood & Strøm, Ida Frugård (Ed.), Vold i oppveksten: Varige spor? En longitudinell undersøkelse av reviktimisering, helse, rus og sosiale relasjoner hos unge utsatt for vold i barndommen . Nasjonalt kunnskapssenter om vold og traumatisk stress. ISSN 978-82-8122-142-0. p. 111–131.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Strøm, Ida Frugård; Myhre, Mia Cathrine & Thoresen, Siri (2019). Am I an island? A network analysis exploring aspects of social landscapes after childhood violence. Psychological Trauma. ISSN 1942-9681. doi: 10.1037/tra0000483.
• Jensen, Tine Kristin; Skar, Ane-Marthe Solheim; Andersson, Elin Sofia & Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott (2019). Long-term mental health in unaccompanied refugee minors: Pre- and post-flight predictors. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. ISSN 1018-8827. doi: 10.1007/s00787-019-01340-6. Full text in Research Archive
• Thoresen, Siri; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Arnberg, Filip K.; Wentzel-Larsen, Tore & Blix, Ines (2019). Long-term mental health and social support in victims of disaster: comparison with a general population sample. BJPsych Open. ISSN 2056-4724. 5(1). doi: 10.1192/bjo.2018.74.
• Thoresen, Siri; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Wentzel-Larsen, Tore & Blix, Ines (2018). Loss of trust may never heal. Institutional trust in disaster victims in a long-term perspective: Associations with social support and mental health. Frontiers in Psychology. ISSN 1664-1078. 9. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01204.
• Thoresen, Siri; Aakvaag, Helene Flood; Strøm, Ida Frugård; Wentzel-Larsen, Tore & Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott (2018). Loneliness as a mediator of the relationship between shame and health problems in young people exposed to childhood violence. Social Science and Medicine. ISSN 0277-9536. 211, p. 183–189. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.06.002.
• Blix, Ines; Kanten, Alf Børre; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott & Thoresen, Siri (2018). Imagining What Could Have Happened: Types and Vividness of Counterfactual Thoughts and the Relationship With Post-traumatic Stress Reactions. Frontiers in Psychology. ISSN 1664-1078. 9. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00515. Full text in Research Archive
• Strøm, Ida Frugård; Aakvaag, Helene Flood; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Felix, Erika & Thoresen, Siri (2018). The mediating role of shame in the relationship between childhood bullying victimization and adult psychosocial adjustment. [El papel mediador de la verguenza en la relacion entre la victimizacion por acoso en la infancia y el ajuste psicosocial de los adultos]. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. ISSN 2000-8066. 9(1). doi: 10.1080/20008198.2017.1418570.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Blix, Ines; Solberg, Øivind & Heir, Trond (2017). Gender Differences in Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms after a Terrorist Attack: A Network Approach. Frontiers in Psychology. ISSN 1664-1078. 8. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02091.
• Hansen, Marianne; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Nissen, Alexander; Blix, Ines; Solberg, Øivind & Heir, Trond (2017). Prevalence and course of symptom-defined PTSD in individuals directly or indirectly exposed to terror: A longitudinal study. Psychiatry. ISSN 0033-2747. 80(2), p. 171–183. doi: 10.1080/00332747.2016.1230983.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott & Heir, Trond (2017). Making connections: exploring the centrality of posttraumatic stress symptoms and covariates after a terrorist attack. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. ISSN 2000-8066. doi: 10.1080/20008198.2017.1333387.
• Valla, Lisbeth; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Hofoss, Dag & Slinning, Kari (2017). Developmental pathways in infants from 4 to 24 months. Child: Care, Health and Development. ISSN 0305-1862. 43(4), p. 546–555. doi: 10.1111/cch.12467.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Nielsen, Morten Birkeland; Hansen, Marianne; Knardahl, Stein & Heir, Trond (2017). Like a bridge over troubled water? A longitudinal study of general social support, colleague support, and leader support as recovery factors after a traumatic event. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. ISSN 2000-8066. 8(1). doi: 10.1080/20008198.2017.1302692. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Whereas the association between social support and psychological distress has been well-established through both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, less is known about whether social support influences rate of change in psychological distress over time. Nor is it clear whether social support predicts baseline psychological distress, or, more importantly, whether social support may contribute to more rapid recovery following trauma exposure. Objective: This study aimed to determine the extent to which social support contributed to the recovery process among individuals with psychological distress after being exposed to trauma. Methods: Prospective survey data from ministry employees were collected 10, 22, and 34 months after the 2011 Oslo bombing that targeted the governmental quarters. We explored recovery in a clinical subsample (N = 238) of individuals with elevated levels of psychological distress (defined as mean 10-item Hopkins symptom checklist score > 1.85) one year after the event. A linear latent growth curve of psychological distress with general social support from friends and family, colleague support, and leader support as predictors was examined. Results: High levels of general social support and leader support were independently associated with a more rapid decline in psychological distress over time. Conclusions: General social support, as well as support from a leader in one’s working life, may facilitate recovery from psychological distress after exposure to a traumatic event. Enhancing social support from family and friends, as well as in work settings, may benefit those with psychological distress following a traumatic workplace event.

• Nielsen, Morten Birkeland; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Hansen, Marianne; Knardahl, Stein & Heir, Trond (2017). Victimization from workplace bullying after a traumatic event: time-lagged relationships with symptoms of posttraumatic stress. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. ISSN 0340-0131. 90(5), p. 411–421. doi: 10.1007/s00420-017-1204-4. Show summary

  Objective: This study examined relationships between victimization from bullying and symptoms of posttraumatic stress (PTSS) after exposure to a terror attack at the workplace. It was hypothesized that (1) victims of bullying report higher and more stable levels of PTSS over time compared to their non-bullied colleagues and (2) that PTSS provides an increased risk of subsequent victimization from bullying. Methods: The hypotheses were tested in a two-wave prospective sample comprising 2337 employees from Norwegian governmental ministries who were exposed to the 2011 Oslo terror attack. The two waves of data collection were conducted 10 and 22 months after the terror attack. Results: Hypothesis 1 was partially supported: victims of bullying reported significantly higher levels of PTSS than non-bullied employees at both measurement points, but bullying was not related to the stability in PTSS over time. In support of hypothesis 2, PTSS at 10 months was significantly associated with an increased risk of feeling victimized by bullying 1 year later. Conclusions: The results indicate that victimization from bullying is associated with elevated levels of PTSS in the aftermath of a workplace terror attack, but that bullying does not have any impact on the long-term development of PTSS. PTSS may be a potential antecedent of bullying. These findings suggest that organizations must give high priority to the psychosocial work environment of traumatized employees to prevent further detrimental health consequences.

• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Hansen, Marianne; Blix, Ines; Solberg, Øivind & Heir, Trond (2017). For Whom Does Time Heal Wounds? Individual Differences in Stability and Change in Posttraumatic Stress after the 2011 Oslo Bombing. Journal of Traumatic Stress. ISSN 0894-9867. 30(1), p. 19–26. doi: 10.1002/jts.22158.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Nielsen, Morten Birkeland; Hansen, Marianne; Knardahl, Stein & Heir, Trond (2017). The impact of a workplace terrorist attack on employees' perceptions of leadership: A longitudinal study from pre- to postdisaster. Leadership Quarterly. ISSN 1048-9843. 28(5), p. 659–671. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2017.01.002. Show summary

  A terrorist attack targeting a workplace represents an organizational crisis that requires the leaders to manage emerging threats. The changing roles and expectations of the leaders are reflected in the employees' perceptions of them over time. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the 2011 Oslo bombing attack affected the targeted employees' perceptions of the leadership behaviors of their immediate superiors or the organizational managers' interest in the health and well-being of their workers. Ministerial employees (n ≈ 180) completed questionnaires on fair, empowering, and supportive leadership, in addition to human resource primacy, on two occasions several years prior to the terrorist attack. Assessments were then repeated one, two, and three years after the attack. Changes in the course of perceived leadership from predisaster to postdisaster were examined using bootstrapped t-tests and latent growth curve models. Furthermore, the general course of perceived leadership was compared with a nonexposed control sample of matched employees. Results showed that employees with high levels of posttraumatic stress perceived their immediate leader to be less supportive. However, overall perceptions of leadership were remarkably stable, which suggests that the effects of critical incidents on perceptions of leadership may be negligible.

• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Blix, Ines; Solberg, Øivind & Heir, Trond (2017). Does optimism act as a buffer against posttraumatic stress over time? A longitudinal study of the protective role of optimism after the 2011 Oslo bombing. Psychological Trauma. ISSN 1942-9681. 9(2), p. 207–213. doi: 10.1037/tra0000188.
• Valla, Lisbeth; Wentzel-Larsen, Tore; Smith, Lars; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott & Slinning, Kari (2016). Association between maternal postnatal depressive symptoms and infants' communication skills: A longitudinal study. Infant Behavior and Development. ISSN 0163-6383. 45, p. 83–90. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2016.10.001.
• Blix, Ines; Kanten, Alf Børre; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Solberg, Øivind; Nissen, Alexander & Heir, Trond (2016). Thinking About What Might Have Happened: Counterfactual Thinking and Post-traumatic Stress in Individuals Directly and Indirectly Exposed to the 2011 Oslo Bombing. Applied Cognitive Psychology. ISSN 0888-4080. 30(6), p. 983–991. doi: 10.1002/acp.3289.
• Solberg, Øivind; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Blix, Ines; Hansen, Marianne & Heir, Trond (2016). Towards an exposure-dependent model of Posttraumatic stress: Longitudinal Course of Posttraumatic stress Symptomatology and Functional Impairment after the 2011 Oslo Bombing. Psychological Medicine. ISSN 0033-2917. 46(15), p. 3241–3254. doi: 10.1017/S0033291716001860.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Knatten, Charlotte Kristensen; Hansen, Marianne; Hem, Camilla & Heir, Trond (2016). Long-term relationships between perceived social support and posttraumatic stress after the 2011 Oslo bombing: A three-year longitudinal study. Journal of Affective Disorders. ISSN 0165-0327. 202, p. 230–235. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.037.
• Holsen, Ingrid & Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott (2016). Course, predictors, and outcomes of depressed mood in a cohort of Norwegian adolescents followed from age 13 into adulthood age 30. Emerging Adulthood. ISSN 2167-6968. 5(1), p. 3–15. doi: 10.1177/2167696816635810.
• Blix, Ines; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Solberg, Øivind; Hansen, Marianne & Heir, Trond (2016). The Launching and Ensnaring Effects of Construing a Traumatic Event as Central to One's Identity and Life Story. Applied Cognitive Psychology. ISSN 0888-4080. 30(4), p. 526–531. doi: 10.1002/acp.3224.
• Blix, Ines; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Hansen, Marianne & Heir, Trond (2016). Posttraumatic Growth—An Antecedent and Outcome of Posttraumatic Stress: Cross-Lagged Associations Among Individuals Exposed to Terrorism. Clinical Psychological Science. ISSN 2167-7026. 4(4), p. 620–628. doi: 10.1177/2167702615615866.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Nielsen, Morten Birkeland; Knardahl, Stein & Heir, Trond (2015). Time-lagged relationships between leadership behaviors and psychological distress after a workplace terrorist attack. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. ISSN 0340-0131. 89(4), p. 689–697. doi: 10.1007/s00420-015-1106-2. Show summary

  Purpose The impact of leadership practices on employee health may be especially evident after extreme events that have physical, psychological, or material consequences for the members of an organization. In this prospective study, we aimed to examine the association between leadership behavior and psychological distress in employees who had experienced a workplace terror attack. Methods Ten and 22 months after the 2011 Oslo bombing attack targeting their workplace, ministerial employees (n = 2272) responded to a questionnaire assessing fair, empowering, supportive, and laissez-faire leadership, as well as psychological distress. Cross-sectional and time-lagged associations between the constructs were tested using structural equation modeling. Results Cross-sectionally, higher levels of supportive leadership were associated with lower levels of psychological distress. Longitudinally, negative relationships were found between psychological distress and subsequent ratings of fair and empowering leadership. Conclusions Supportive leadership was associated with employees’ psychological health after trauma, but seems not to have long-term effects on subsequent psychological distress. Rather, psychological distress may lead the employees to perceive their leaders as more negative across time.

• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Nielsen, Morten Birkeland; Knardahl, Stein & Heir, Trond (2015). Associations between work environment and psychological distress after a workplace terror attack: The importance of role expectations, predictability and leader support. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 10(3). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119492. Show summary

  Experiencing terrorism is associated with high levels of psychological distress among survivors. The aim of the present study was to examine whether work environmental factors such as role clarity and predictability, role conflicts, and leader support may protect against elevated levels of psychological distress after a workplace terrorist attack. Data from approximately 1800 ministerial employees were collected ten months after the 2011 Oslo bombing attack which targeted the Norwegian ministries. The results show that after a traumatic event, lower role conflicts, higher role clarity, higher predictability, and higher leader support were independently associated with lower psychological distress. These findings suggest that the workplace environment may be a facilitator of employees’ mental health after stressful events.

• Blix, Ines; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Hansen, Marianne & Heir, Trond (2015). Posttraumatic Growth and Centrality of Event: A Longitudinal Study in the Aftermath of the 2011 Oslo Bombing. Psychological Trauma. ISSN 1942-9681. 7(1), p. 18–23. doi: 10.1037/tra0000006.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Hafstad, Gertrud Sofie; Blix, Ines & Heir, Trond (2015). Latent classes of posttraumatic stress and growth. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping. ISSN 1061-5806. 28(3), p. 272–286. doi: 10.1080/10615806.2014.956097.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Torsheim, Torbjørn; Leversen, Ingrid & Wold, Bente (2014). Pathways to adulthood and their precursors and outcomes. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. ISSN 0036-5564. 55(1), p. 26–32. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12087.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Breivik, Kyrre & Wold, Bente (2014). Peer acceptance protects global self-esteem from negative effects of low closeness to parents during adolescence and early adulthood. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. ISSN 0047-2891. 43(1), p. 70–80. doi: 10.1007/s10964-013-9929-1. Full text in Research Archive
• Blix, Ines; Hansen, Marianne; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Nissen, Alexander Frantz William & Heir, Trond (2013). Posttraumatic growth, posttraumatic stress and psychological adjustment in the aftermath of the 2011 Oslo bombing attack. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. ISSN 1477-7525. 11:160. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-11-160.
• Holsen, Ingrid; Jones, Diane Carlson & Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott (2012). Body image satisfaction among Norwegian adolescents and young adults: A longitudinal study of the influence of interpersonal relationships and BMI. Body image. ISSN 1740-1445. 9(2), p. 201–208. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.01.006.
• Leversen, Ingrid; Danielsen, Anne Grete; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott & Samdal, Oddrun (2012). Basic psychological need satisfaction in leisure activities and adolescents' life satisfaction. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. ISSN 0047-2891. 41(12), p. 1588–1599. doi: 10.1007/s10964-012-9776-5. Full text in Research Archive
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Melkevik, Ole; Holsen, Ingrid & Wold, Bente (2012). Trajectories of global self-esteem development during adolescence. Journal of Adolescence. ISSN 0140-1971. 35(1), p. 43–54. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.06.006.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Torsheim, Torbjørn & Wold, Bente (2009). A longitudinal study of the relationship between leisure-time physical activity and depressed mood among adolescents. Psychology of Sport And Exercise. ISSN 1469-0292. 10(1), p. 25–34. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2008.01.005.
• Jøraas, Eivind; Rimehaug, Tormod; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott & Arefjord, Kjersti (2009). E-therapy as a follow-up supplementto outpatient treatment of adolescents: a qualitative study of therapist experiences. Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening. ISSN 0332-6470. 46(4), p. 355–361. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Three therapists were interviewed about their exploratory use of e-therapy (asynchronous text-communication) subsequent to ordinary out-patient psychotherapy with three adolescents. Two therapists experienced their patients as more active, while one was less concealing, when compared to ordinary psychotherapeutic treatment. A feeling of reduced therapeutic control was reported. No major communication problems were reported, and legal, ethical and clinical aspects of e-therapy were perceived as satisfactory. Improvements in technical usability were suggested. The therapists emphasized that implementing e-therapy on a larger scale would require development of administrative and clinical procedures. The authors suggest that from a therapist's perspective, e-therapy combined with and as a follow-up to ordinary psychotherapy seems to induce less relational and communicative difficulties than e-therapy alone might do.

• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Rimehaug, Tormod; Arefjord, Kjersti & Jøraas, Terje (2009). Klienters erfaringer med e-terapi som tillegg til vanlig psykoterapi. Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening. ISSN 0332-6470. 46(4), p. 348–354. Full text in Research Archive
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Rimehaug, Tormod; Arefjord, Kjersti & Jøraas, Terje (2009). Klienters erfaringer med e-terapi som tillegg til vanlig psykoterapi. Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening. ISSN 0332-6470. 46(4), p. 348–354.

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• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott & Sundnes, Joakim (2024). Advancing the understanding and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder with computational modelling. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. ISSN 2000-8066.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott & Tveter, Lise (2024). Med psykologen i lomma – kan en app gjøre behandlingen mer tilgjengelig?
• Ormhaug, Silje Mørup; Jensen, Tine; Øverland, Klara; Augusti, Else-Marie; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott & Bræin, Mari Kjølseth [Show all 10 contributors for this article] (2023). Barn trenger rom til å fortelle. Vi må unngå å skape usikkerhet om det er greit å snakke med barn om vold. Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening. ISSN 0332-6470.
• Ormhaug, Silje Mørup; Augusti, Else-Marie; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Bræin, Mari Kjølseth; Evang, Are & Hafstad, Gertrud Sofie [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2023). Barn trenger rom til å fortelle. Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening. ISSN 0332-6470.
• Ormhaug, Silje Mørup; Augusti, Else-Marie; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Bræin, Mari Kjølseth; Evang, Are & Hafstad, Gertrud Sofie [Show all 17 contributors for this article] (2023). Angsten for å snakke med barn om vold og overgrep. Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening. ISSN 0332-6470.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Karlsrud, Julie Sigstad & Warmedal, Rebecca Furuholmen Møller (2023). The daily dynamics between maladaptive appraisals and negative emotions in adolescents with and without complex PTSD receiving TF-CBT.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Skar, Ane-Marthe Solheim & Jensen, Tine (2022). Å bli alvorlig mobbet på skolen kan skade like mye som vold i hjemmet. Forskersonen.no.
• Blix, Ines; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott & Thoresen, Siri (2021). Covid-19 og psykisk helse: Hvem har hatt det verst, og hvilke grupper bør vi prioritere nå? Forskersonen.no.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Blestad, Camilla; Skar, Ane-Marthe Solheim; Thoresen, Siri & Jensen, Tine (2021). Brukermedvirkning i utvikling av app til bruk i behandling av PTSD.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Blestad, Camilla; Skar, Ane-Marthe Solheim; Thoresen, Siri & Jensen, Tine (2021). Min hverdag: Utvikling og pilottesting av en app til bruk i behandling av posttraumatisk stresslidelse (PTSD) i BUP.
• Thoresen, Siri; Blix, Ines; Wentzel-Larsen, Tore & Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott (2021). Trust and social relationships in times of the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Skar, Ane-Marthe Solheim & Jensen, Tine Kristin (2021). Do different traumatic events invoke different kinds of post-traumatic stress symptoms?
• Jensen, Tine K.; Skar, Ane-Marthe Solheim; Andersson, Elin Sofia & Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott (2020). Correction to: Long-term mental health in unaccompanied refugee minors: pre- and post-flight predictors (European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, (2019), 28, 12, (1671-1682), 10.1007/s00787-019-01340-6). European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. ISSN 1018-8827. 29(8). doi: 10.1007/s00787-019-01369-7.
• Thoresen, Siri; Blix, Ines; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott & Andreassen, Anne Lie (2020). Cope covid-19: helse og bekymringer under pandemien.
• Aakvaag, Helene Flood; Strøm, Ida Frugård; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott & Thoresen, Siri (2019). Alcohol use in victims of childhood family violence and sexual abuse: Risk of revictimization and problematic drinking in young adulthood.
• Thoresen, Siri; Stensland, Synne; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Wentzel-Larsen, Tore & Dyb, Grete (2019). Trauma in social relationships. Longitudinal associations between social support and posttraumatic stress in young survivors of a terrorist attack: The Utøya Study.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Greene, Talya & Spiller, Tobias (2019). The network approach to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A systematic review.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Aakvaag, Helene Flood; Strøm, Ida Frugård & Thoresen, Siri (2019). Vold i oppveksten: Varige spor? Presentasjon av hovedresultater.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Aakvaag, Helene Flood; Strøm, Ida Frugård & Thoresen, Siri (2019). Vold i oppveksten: Varige spor? Presentasjon av hovedresultater.
• Harpviken, Anna Naterstad; Skar, Ane-Marthe Solheim; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Ormhaug, Silje Mørup & Jensen, Tine Kristin (2019). Who reports what? A comparison of child and caregiver's reports of child trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress symptoms.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Strøm, Ida Frugård; Myhre, Mia Cathrine & Thoresen, Siri (2019). Associations between aspects of social landscapes after childhood violence. A network analysis.
• Skar, Ane-Marthe Solheim; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Ormhaug, Silje Mørup & Jensen, Tine Kristin (2019). Does routine screening for trauma matter? A quasi-experiment of differences in diagnoses after implementation of trauma screening procedures in Norway.
• Strøm, Ida Frugård; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Aakvaag, Helene Flood & Thoresen, Siri (2018). Trajectories of Alcohol use in Young Adults Exposed to Childhood Violence and Later Problematic Drinking Behavior.
• Thoresen, Siri; Strøm, Ida Frugård; Aakvaag, Helene Flood & Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott (2018). Childhood violence and long-term consequences: Three lessons learned from a longitudinal study.
• Thoresen, Siri; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Arnberg, Filip K.; Wentzel-Larsen, Tore & Blix, Ines (2018). Loss of trust may never heal. Institutional trust in disaster victims in a long-term perspective: Associations with social support and mental health.
• Thoresen, Siri; Aakvaag, Helene Flood; Strøm, Ida Frugård; Wentzel-Larsen, Tore & Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott (2018). Violence-related shame, loneliness and health. An investigation of loneliness as a mediator of the relationship between shame and health problems in young people exposed to childhood violence.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Strøm, Ida Frugård; Myhre, Mia Cathrine & Thoresen, Siri (2018). Am I an island? A network analysis exploring social landscapes after childhood violence.
• Ormhaug, Silje Mørup; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott & Jensen, Tine K. (2017). "I don't want to talk about it". Youth' disengagement in trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT).
• Thoresen, Siri; Blix, Ines & Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott (2017). Erfaringer og helse hos overlevende og etterlatte fra Scandinavian Star-katastrofen.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott & Heir, Trond (2017). Making connections: a network approach to posttraumatic stress symptoms and covariates after a terrorist attack.
• Solberg, Øivind; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Blix, Ines; Hansen, Marianne & Heir, Trond (2016). The Longitudinal Course of Post Traumatic Stress Symptomatology and Functional Impairment after the 2011 Oslo Bombing .
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Nielsen, Morten Birkeland; Knardahl, Stein & Heir, Trond (2016). Arbeidsmiljø og helse etter 22. juli.
• Blix, Ines; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Solberg, Øivind; Hansen, Marianne & Heir, Trond (2016). Centrality of event and posttraumatic stress after the 2011 Oslo bombing.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott (2015). For whom does time heal wounds? Individual differences in stability and change in posttraumatic stress after the 2011 Oslo bombing.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Breivik, Kyrre & Wold, Bente (2012). Associations between social relationships and development of global self-esteem.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Torsheim, Torbjørn; Leversen, Ingrid & Wold, Bente (2011). Patterns of transitions to adulthood.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Melkevik, Ole; Holsen, Ingrid & Wold, Bente (2010). Trajectories of global self-esteem development during adolescence.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott (2009). Tilknytning og sosiale relasjoners betydning for ungdommers selvtillit. Impuls : Tidsskrift for psykologi. ISSN 0801-2911. 63(2), p. 90–99.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Blestad, Camilla; Granly, Lene; Knutsen, Marie Lindebø; Ormhaug, Silje Mørup & Skar, Ane-Marthe Solheim [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). Femten år med forskning på og implementering av traumefokusert kognitiv atferdsterapi (TF-CBT) i Norge. Nasjonalt kunnskapssenter om vold og traumatisk stress. ISSN 978-82-8122-179-6. 2024(1).
• Bøe, Hans Jakob; Nordstrand, Andreas Espetvedt; Engen, Haakon Gabrielsen; Gjerstad, Christer Lunde; Bakker, Lars-Petter & Thoresen, Siri [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). Afghanistanundersøkelsen 2020, Veteraners erfaringer, helse og livskvalitet etter tjeneste i Afghanistan 2001-2020. Forsvaret.
• Thoresen, Siri; Andreassen, Anne Lie; Arnberg, Filip K.; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Blix, Ines & Hjorthol, Toril (2017). Scandinavian Star: Erfaringer og helse hos overlevende og etterlatte etter 26 år. Nasjonalt kunnskapssenter om vold og traumatisk stress. ISSN 978-82-8122-121-5.
• Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott (2013). Development of global self-esteem. Universitetet i Bergen. ISSN 978-82-308-2310-1.
• Samdal, Oddrun; Bye, Hege Høivik; Torsheim, Torbjørn; Birkeland, Marianne Skogbrott; Diseth, Åge & Fismen, Anne-Siri [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2012). Sosial ulikhet i helse og læring blant barn og unge: Resultater fra den landsrepresentative spørreskjemaundersøkelsen ”Helsevaner blant skoleleelver. En WHO-undersøkelse i flere land”. Universitetet i Bergen.

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