Gernot Walter Ernst

• Meier, Isabell M.; Eikemo, Marie; Trøstheim, Martin Ostenfeldt; Buen, Kaja; Jensen, Eira Nordeng & Karlsen, Siri Gurandsrud [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Factors associated with use of opioid rescue medication after surgery. Regional anesthesia and pain medicine. ISSN 1098-7339. doi: 10.1136/rapm-2023-104412.
• Eikemo, Marie; Meier, Isabell M.; Løseth, Guro Engvig; Trøstheim, Martin Ostenfeldt; Ørstavik, Nikoline & Jensen, Eira Nordeng [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Opioid analgesic effects on subjective well-being in the operating theatre*. Anaesthesia. ISSN 0003-2409. 78(9), s. 1102–1111. doi: 10.1111/anae.16069.
• Carlyle, Molly; Kvande, Malin; Meier, Isabell M.; Trøstheim, Martin Ostenfeldt; Buen, Kaja & Jensen, Eira Nordeng [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Does childhood adversity alter opioid drug reward? A conceptual replication in outpatients before surgery. Addiction Research and Theory. ISSN 1606-6359. doi: 10.1080/16066359.2023.2211348.
• Snitz, Kobi; Honigstein, Danielle; Weissgross, Reut; Ravia, Aharon; Mishor, Eva & Perl, Ofer [Vis alle 29 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). An olfactory self-test effectively screens for COVID-19. Communications Medicine. 2(1). doi: 10.1038/s43856-022-00095-7.
• Pan, Hongchao; Peto, Richard; Karim, Quarraisha Abdool; Alejandria, Marissa M.; Henao-Restrepo, Ana-Maria & Hernández-García, César [Vis alle 51 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Remdesivir and three other drugs for hospitalised patients with COVID-19: final results of the WHO Solidarity randomised trial and updated meta-analyses. The Lancet. ISSN 0140-6736. 399(10339), s. 1941–1953. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00519-0. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background The Solidarity trial among COVID-19 inpatients has previously reported interim mortality analyses for four repurposed antiviral drugs. Lopinavir, hydroxychloroquine, and interferon (IFN)-β1a were discontinued for futility but randomisation to remdesivir continued. Here, we report the final results of Solidarity and meta-analyses of mortality in all relevant trials to date. Methods Solidarity enrolled consenting adults (aged ≥18 years) recently hospitalised with, in the view of their doctor, definite COVID-19 and no contraindication to any of the study drugs, regardless of any other patient characteristics. Participants were randomly allocated, in equal proportions between the locally available options, to receive whichever of the four study drugs (lopinavir, hydroxychloroquine, IFN-β1a, or remdesivir) were locally available at that time or no study drug (controls). All patients also received the local standard of care. No placebos were given. The protocol-specified primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality, subdivided by disease severity. Secondary endpoints were progression to ventilation if not already ventilated, and time-to-discharge from hospital. Final log-rank and Kaplan-Meier analyses are presented for remdesivir, and are appended for all four study drugs. Meta-analyses give weighted averages of the mortality findings in this and all other randomised trials of these drugs among hospital inpatients. Solidarity is registered with ISRCTN, ISRCTN83971151, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04315948. Findings Between March 22, 2020, and Jan 29, 2021, 14 304 potentially eligible patients were recruited from 454 hospitals in 35 countries in all six WHO regions. After the exclusion of 83 (0·6%) patients with a refuted COVID-19 diagnosis or encrypted consent not entered into the database, Solidarity enrolled 14 221 patients, including 8275 randomly allocated (1:1) either to remdesivir (ten daily infusions, unless discharged earlier) or to its control (allocated no study drug although remdesivir was locally available). Compliance was high in both groups. Overall, 602 (14·5%) of 4146 patients assigned to remdesivir died versus 643 (15·6%) of 4129 assigned to control (mortality rate ratio [RR] 0·91 [95% CI 0·82–1·02], p=0·12). Of those already ventilated, 151 (42·1%) of 359 assigned to remdesivir died versus 134 (38·6%) of 347 assigned to control (RR 1·13 [0·89–1·42], p=0·32). Of those not ventilated but on oxygen, 14·6% assigned to remdesivir died versus 16·3% assigned to control (RR 0·87 [0·76–0·99], p=0·03). Of 1730 not on oxygen initially, 2·9% assigned to remdesivir died versus 3·8% assigned to control (RR 0·76 [0·46–1·28], p=0·30). Combining all those not ventilated initially, 11·9% assigned to remdesivir died versus 13·5% assigned to control (RR 0·86 [0·76–0·98], p=0·02) and 14·1% versus 15·7% progressed to ventilation (RR 0·88 [0·77–1·00], p=0·04). The non-prespecified composite outcome of death or progression to ventilation occurred in 19·6% assigned to remdesivir versus 22·5% assigned to control (RR 0·84 [0·75–0·93], p=0·001). Allocation to daily remdesivir infusions (vs open-label control) delayed discharge by about 1 day during the 10-day treatment period. A meta-analysis of mortality in all randomised trials of remdesivir versus no remdesivir yielded similar findings. Interpretation Remdesivir has no significant effect on patients with COVID-19 who are already being ventilated. Among other hospitalised patients, it has a small effect against death or progression to ventilation (or both).

• Blesius, Valeria; Schölzel, Christopher; Ernst, Gernot Walter & Dominik, Andreas (2022). Comparability of Heart Rate Turbulence Methodology: 15 Intervals Suffice to Calculate Turbulence Slope – A Methodological Analysis Using PhysioNet Data of 1074 Patients. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. ISSN 2297-055X. 9. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.793535.
• Kåsine, Trine; Riise, Anne Margarita Dyrhol; Barratt-Due, Andreas; Kildal, Anders Benjamin; Olsen, Inge Christoffer & Nezvalova-Henriksen, Katerina [Vis alle 39 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Neutrophil count predicts outcome in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Results from the NOR-Solidarity trial. Journal of Internal Medicine. ISSN 0954-6820. 291(2), s. 241–243. doi: 10.1111/joim.13377. Vis sammendrag

  Despite numerous studies on SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammation, we still lack markers for rapid disease progression with admission to intensive care unit (ICU) or respiratory failure(RF). Few studies have evaluated the prognostic value of routine diagnostic repertoire available at most hospitals. The NOR-Solidarity trial is an independent add-on study to the WHO Solidarity trial, evaluating hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)and remdesivir compared to standard of care in hospitalized COVID-19 patients [1]. We explored whether standard biomarkers in peripheral blood could give information on ICU admission and RFin hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

• Schölzel, Christopher; Blesius, Valeria; Ernst, Gernot Walter; Goesmann, Alexander & Dominik, Andreas (2021). Countering reproducibility issues in mathematical models with software engineering techniques: A case study using a one-dimensional mathematical model of the atrioventricular node. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 16(7), s. 1–36. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254749.
• Barratt-Due, Andreas; Olsen, Inge Christoffer; Nezvalova-Henriksen, Katerina; Kåsine, Trine; Lund-Johansen, Fridtjof & Hoel, Hedda Benedicte [Vis alle 43 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Evaluation of the Effects of Remdesivir and Hydroxychloroquine on Viral Clearance in COVID-19 : A Randomized Trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. ISSN 0003-4819. 174(9), s. 1261–1269. doi: 10.7326/M21-0653. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: New treatment modalities are urgently needed for patients with COVID-19. The World Health Organization (WHO) Solidarity trial showed no effect of remdesivir or hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on mortality, but the antiviral effects of these drugs are not known. Objective: To evaluate the effects of remdesivir and HCQ on all-cause, in-hospital mortality; the degree of respiratory failure and inflammation; and viral clearance in the oropharynx. Design: NOR-Solidarity is an independent, add-on, randomized controlled trial to the WHO Solidarity trial that included biobanking and 3 months of clinical follow-up (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04321616). Setting: 23 hospitals in Norway. Patients: Eligible patients were adults hospitalized with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Intervention: Between 28 March and 4 October 2020, a total of 185 patients were randomly assigned and 181 were included in the full analysis set. Patients received remdesivir (n = 42), HCQ (n = 52), or standard of care (SoC) (n = 87). Measurements: In addition to the primary end point of WHO Solidarity, study-specific outcomes were viral clearance in oropharyngeal specimens, the degree of respiratory failure, and inflammatory variables. Results: No significant differences were seen between treatment groups in mortality during hospitalization. There was a marked decrease in SARS-CoV-2 load in the oropharynx during the first week overall, with similar decreases and 10-day viral loads among the remdesivir, HCQ, and SoC groups. Remdesivir and HCQ did not affect the degree of respiratory failure or inflammatory variables in plasma or serum. The lack of antiviral effect was not associated with symptom duration, level of viral load, degree of inflammation, or presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 at hospital admittance. Limitation: The trial had no placebo group. Conclusion: Neither remdesivir nor HCQ affected viral clearance in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

• Schölzel, Christopher; Blesius, Valeria; Ernst, Gernot & Dominik, Andreas (2021). Characteristics of mathematical modeling languages that facilitate model reuse in systems biology: a software engineering perspective. npj Systems Biology and Applications. ISSN 2056-7189. 7:27, s. 1–20. doi: 10.1038/s41540-021-00182-w.
• Ernst, Gernot Walter; Watne, Leiv Otto; Frihagen, Frede ; Wyller, Torgeir Bruun; Dominik, Andreas & Rostrup, Morten (2021). Low Heart Rate Variability Predicts Stroke and Other Complications in the First Six Postoperative Months After a Hip Fracture Operation. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. ISSN 2297-055X. 8, s. 1–8. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.640970.
• Laeng, Bruno; Garvija, Lara; Løseth, Guro Engvig; Eikemo, Marie; Ernst, Gernot & Leknes, Siri (2021). ‘Defrosting’ music chills with naltrexone: The role of endogenous opioids for the intensity of musical pleasure. Consciousness and Cognition. ISSN 1053-8100. 90. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2021.103105.
• Iravani, Behzad; Arshamian, Artin; Ravia, Aharon; Mishor, Eva; Snitz, Kobi & Shushan, Sagit [Vis alle 25 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Relationship between odor intensity estimates and COVID-19 prevalence prediction in a Swedish population. Chemical Senses. ISSN 0379-864X. 45(6), s. 449–456. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa034.
• Schölzel, Christopher; Blesius, Valeria; Ernst, Gernot & Dominik, Andreas (2020). An Understandable, Extensible, and Reusable Implementation of the Hodgkin-Huxley Equations Using Modelica. Frontiers in Physiology. ISSN 1664-042X. 11. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.583203. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Blesius, Valeria; Schölzel, Christopher; Ernst, Gernot & Dominik, Andreas (2020). HRT assessment reviewed: A systematic review of heart rate turbulence methodology. Physiological Measurement. ISSN 0967-3334. 41(8). doi: 10.1088/1361-6579/ab98b3.
• Ernst, Gernot; Watne, Leiv; Rostrup, Morten & Neerland, Bjørn Erik (2020). Delirium in patients with hip fracture is associated with increased heart rate variability. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research. ISSN 1594-0667. 32, s. 2311–2318. doi: 10.1007/s40520-019-01447-5.
• Garland, Eric; Trøstheim, Martin; Eikemo, Marie; Ernst, Gernot & Leknes, Siri (2019). Anhedonia in chronic pain and prescription opioid misuse. Psychological Medicine. ISSN 0033-2917. s. 1–12. doi: 10.1017/S0033291719002010.
• Ernst, Gernot (2017). Heart-Rate Variability - More than Heart Beats? Frontiers in Public Health. ISSN 2296-2565. 5. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00240.
• Ernst, Gernot (2017). Hidden signals - the history and Methods of heart rate variability. Frontiers in Public Health. ISSN 2296-2565. 5. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00265.
• Ernst, Gernot Walter; Watne, Leiv Otto; Frihagen, Frede Jon; Wyller, Torgeir Bruun; Dominik, Andreas & Rostrup, Morten (2017). Decreases in heart rate variability are associated with postoperative complications in hip fracture patients. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 12:e0180423(7), s. 1–14. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180423. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Menzel, Michael; Schölzel, Christopher; Ernst, Gernot Walter & Dominik, Andreas (2016). Silicon Hearth: An easy to use interactive real-time baroreflex stimulator. Computing in cardiology. ISSN 2325-8861. 42, s. 973–976. doi: 10.1109/CIC.2015.7411075.

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• Ernst, Gernot Walter (2014). Heart Rate Variability. Springer. ISBN 978-1-4471-4308-6. 336 s.

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• Blesius, Valeria; Schölzel, Christopher; Ernst, Gernot & Dominik, Andreas (2021). Erratum: HRT assessment reviewed: A systematic review of heart rate turbulence methodology. Physiological Measurement. ISSN 0967-3334. 42(1). doi: 10.1088/1361-6579/abcf16.
• Ernst, Gernot Walter & Rostrup, Morten (2010). HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN PALLIATIVE PATIENTS - A PILOT STUDY. Journal of Hypertension. ISSN 0263-6352. 28, s. E467–E467.

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