Cyriac M. George

George, C., Julsrud, T.E., 2018. The development of organised car sharing in Norway: 1995-2018 (TØI Report 1663/2018) 42.

George, C., Farstad, E., Langeland, O., 2018. Car sharing – a feasible way to a low-carbon mobility system?, in: Critical Issues in Science, Technology and Society Studies. Presented at the Critical Issues in Science, Technology and Society Studies, Graz, Austria.

Uteng, T.P., Julsrud, T.E. and George, C., 2019. The role of life events and context in type of car share uptake: Comparing users of peer-to-peer and cooperative programs in Oslo, Norway. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 71, pp.186-206.

• Langeland, Ove; George, Cyriac & Figenbaum, Erik (2022). Technological innovation Systems and transport innovations: understanding vehicle electrification in Norway, Innovations in Transport. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 9781800373372. p. 131–163. doi: 10.4337/9781800373372.00014.
• Julsrud, Tom Erik & George, Cyriac Manapurathu (2020). Recruitment, Stabilization and Defection; Exploring Car Sharing Pathways of Young Urban Households. In Kesselring, Sven; Freudendal-Pedersen, Malene & Zuev, Dennis (Ed.), Sharing Mobilities: New Perspectives for the Mobile Risk Society. Routledge. ISSN 9781138593824. p. 132–153. doi: 10.4324/9780429489242. Full text in Research Archive
• George, Cyriac Manapurathu & Julsrud, Tom Erik (2019). Chapter Two - Cars and the sharing economy: The emergence and impacts of shared automobility in the urban environment. In Fishman, Elliot (Eds.), The Sharing Economy and the Relevance for Transport, Volume 4 1st Edition. Academic Press. ISSN 9780128162101. p. 7–38. doi: 10.1016/bs.atpp.2019.08.003. Show summary

  The rise of the sharing economy has enabled new forms of urban mobility that were previously either non-existent, small scale and informal in nature. This chapter focuses on new ways of sharing automobiles, namely ride-sharing, ride-sourcing and car sharing. These new modes, collectively referred to as shared automobility, rely upon digital platforms that facilitate transactions as part of the sharing economy and the related product-service economy, on-demand economy, and second-hand economy. The literature on shared automobility emphasizes impacts on environment, congestion, public health and regulatory frameworks. Shared automobility generally leads to reduced automobile use, carbon emissions and vehicle collisions, although the evidence is not consistent across contexts. Current regulatory frameworks are not equipped to handle the challenges posed by shared automobility with respect to competition with incumbent modes, safety regulations and labor conditions. We have begun to see signs of consolidation among ride-sharing and ride-sourcing. Further technological innovations may lead to further consolidations with car sharing.

• Priya Uteng, Tanu; Julsrud, Tom Erik & George, Cyriac Manapurathu (2019). The role of life events and context in type of car share uptake: Comparing users of peer-to-peer and cooperative programs in Oslo, Norway. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. ISSN 1361-9209. 71(June), p. 186–206. doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2019.01.009. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper builds on a survey of existing users of two car sharing schemes in Oslo, namely Nabobil (peer-to-peer scheme P2P) and Bilkollektivet (cooperative scheme Coop), to understand how the following factors lead to active (or passive) car sharing – i. key life-events; ii. adoption/retention challenges; iii. acceptability; and iv. infrastructural needs. The conceptual framework of this study is informed by mobility biographies and social practice theory. A web-based questionnaire was distributed by the two service providers to their members, and approximately 1,724 users of P2P and 1,117 users of Coop participated in the survey. The survey collected information on travel behaviour, preferences, life-stages, mobility biography of the household, and life-events possibly leading to car sharing. Results highlight that using P2P scheme emerged as statistically significant for students moving to Oslo and for employees starting in new jobs. For the Coop members, the birth of first or later children were statistically significant events in households’ decision to start with car sharing. Along with differences in meanings, skills, materiality and practices of carsharing, users of the two schemes varied with respect to spatial details as well – proximity to transit-stops, access to high-frequency public transport services, walking/cycling infrastructure and, parking facilities. Further, for carsharing to become popular, ample institutional trust, capable of off-setting any lack of trust that users may have, needs to be built.

• George, Cyriac Manapurathu; Farstad, Eivind & Langeland, Ove (2018). Car sharing – a feasible way to a low-carbon mobility system? In Getzinger, Günter (Eds.), Critical Issues in Science, Technology and Society Studies Conference Proceedings of the 17th STS Conference Graz 2018 7th-8th May 2018. Verlag der Technischen Universität Graz. ISSN 978-3-85125-625-3. p. 148–153. doi: 10.3217/978-3-85125-625-3.

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• Schwanen, Tim; Böcker, Lars & George, Cyriac Manapurathu (2024). Comparative, participatory and normative policy mix analysis: just transition towards urban electric mobility.
• Di Marino, Mina; Iversen, Håkon; Allan Kløvrud, Ane; Uteng, Tanu Priya; Farstad, Eivind & Krohn, Christin [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Hvordan kan delt mobilitet bidra til å oppnå et mer bærekraftig forbruk?  .
• Di Marino, Mina; George, Cyriac Manapurathu; Priya Uteng, Tanu & Farstad, Eivind (2022). RESHARE prosjektpresentasjon .
• Farstad, Eivind; Priya Uteng, Tanu; George, Cyriac Manapurathu; Di Marino, Mina & Loorbach, Derk (2022). Kick-off meeting, Stakeholder partners, ReShare.
• Priya Uteng, Tanu; Di Marino, Mina & George, Cyriac Manapurathu (2022). Stakeholder partner meeting - ReShare project.
• George, Cyriac Manapurathu & Priya Uteng, Tanu (2021). Car Sharing. In Vickerman, Roger (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Transportation. Elsevier. ISSN 9780081026717. p. 142–146. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-08-102671-7.10632-3. Show summary

  High ambitions have been set for curbing car usage in urban areas, and transport planning is finally turning its research and policy-making gaze to sustainable modes like walking, cycling, and public transport. Car sharing (CS) is fast emerging as a fourth addendum to this set of sustainable modes, based on the core understanding that a car will be used only when absolutely necessary. As opposed to informal car sharing, formal car sharing entails membership, either platform or organization based, which provides access to an automobile for short-term. Currently, the three most popular CS business models are business-to-consumer (B2C), business-to-business (B2B) and peer-to-peer (P2P). It is estimated that CS can have major impacts in reducing car ownership at the household level, vehicle miles traveled/vehicle km traveled (VMT/VKT) and GHG emissions. Results, however, indicate that there are multiple topics related to acceptability, adoption, retention and institutionalization of car sharing which needs to be further studied before CS can establish itself as the fourth sustainable mode of transport.

• George, Cyriac Manapurathu; Farstad, Eivind & Langeland, Ove (2018). Car sharing – a feasible way to a low-carbon mobility system?
• Tennøy, Aud & George, Cyriac (2024). Innføring av 30 km/t som generell fartsgrense i europeiske byer - Hvilke effekter kan dokumenteres? Transportøkonomisk institutt. ISSN 978-82-480-1009-8. Show summary

  Vi har innhentet, vurdert og strukturert informasjon knyttet til innføring av generell fartsgrense på 30 km/t i seks europeiske byer, samt Spania. Beslutninger om innføring av en slik fartsgrense kan tas på ulike nivåer, ved at nasjonale myndigheter definerer fartsgrensene i alle byene, at myndighetene i byene tar beslutningen, eller at myndigheter på ulike nivåer velger å innføre fartsgrensen på sine deler av veinettet. Man har i hovedsak valgt at den generelle fartsgrensen på 30 km/t skal gjelde for alle gater og veier i hele byen eller i store deler av byregionen, med unntak for noen definerte hovedveier. Informasjon om fartsgrensene, kontroll av at de overholdes og håndheving av overtredelser er nødvendig. Byene har dokumentert at tiltaket har gitt ønskede effekter, som lavere hastigheter, stor grad av overholdelse, samt vesentlig færre ulykker, særlig alvorlige ulykker og ulykker som involverer fotgjengere og syklister. Noen byer har dokumentert redusert støy og forurensning, og at kø og reisetider ikke har økt.

• George, Cyriac & Julsrud, Tom Erik (2018). The development of organised car sharing in Norway: 1995-2018. Transportøkonomisk institutt. ISSN 978-82-480-2184-1. Show summary

  Car sharing is an emerging innovation that may contribute to a transition to a more sustainable mobility system. Most research shows that car sharing programs have a net positive impact on the environment. This report describes the history of car sharing in Norway over the course of four periods that characterize the business models, operational models and user profiles of the various platforms. The rapid increase in the use of car sharing and number of platforms in Norway suggests that the market has proven itself as being viable and that we are entering a period of competition and further change. As the popularity of electric vehicles increases, more research is needed on the non-carbon environmental impacts of car sharing.

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