Tuukka Rainer Reinhold Mäkitie

• Hansen, Teis; Andersson, Johnn; Finstad, Jørgen; Hanson, Jens; Hellsmark, Hans & Mäkitie, Tuukka [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). How aligned are industry strategy and government policy for the decarbonization of energy-intensive process industries? Climate Policy. ISSN 1469-3062. doi: 10.1080/14693062.2024.2363490.
• Steen, Markus; Andersen, Allan Dahl; Finstad, Jørgen; Hansen, Teis; Hanson, Jens & Jordal, Aina Benedikte Kristin [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). CCS technological innovation system dynamics in Norway. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control. ISSN 1750-5836. 136. doi: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2024.104171.
• Lund, Henrik Brynthe; Damman, Sigrid & Mäkitie, Tuukka (2024). Agency in green path development: Circular bioeconomy in the wastewater sector. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift. ISSN 0029-1951. doi: 10.1080/00291951.2024.2346324.
• Andersen, Allan Dahl; Geels, Frank Willem; Coenen, Lars Martel Antoine; Hanson, Jens; Korsnes, Marius & Linnerud, Kristin [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Faster, broader, and deeper! Suggested directions for research on net-zero transitions. Oxford Open Energy. 2. doi: 10.1093/ooenergy/oiad007. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The growing attention to the political goal of achieving net-zero emissions by mid-century reflects past failures to alter the trajectory of increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. As a consequence, the world now needs to decarbonize all systems and sectors at an unprecedented pace. This commentary discusses how the net-zero challenge presents transition scholarship with four enhanced research challenges that merit more attention: (1) the speed, (2) breadth and (3) depth of transitions as well as (4) tensions and interactions between these.

• Mäkitie, Tuukka Rainer Reinhold; Hanson, Jens; Damman, Sigrid & Wardeberg, Mari (2023). Digital innovation's contribution to sustainability transitions. Technology in society. ISSN 0160-791X. 73. doi: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2023.102255. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bergek, Anna; Hansen, Teis; Hanson, Jens; Mäkitie, Tuukka & Steen, Markus (2023). Complexity challenges for transition policy: lessons from coastal shipping in Norway. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions. ISSN 2210-4224. 46. doi: 10.1016/j.eist.2022.100687. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This policy briefing discusses decarbonization policies of “hard-to-abate” sectors, emphasizing the implications of these sectors’ complexity. Specifically, we discuss two sources of complexity: (a) heterogeneity in the form of variation across and within technologies and user segments and (b) interdependencies between technologies (within and between their value chains) and between user segments and adopter groups. Based on research on coastal shipping in Norway, a global frontrunner in decarbonization of this sector, we suggest three guiding principles for developing policy mixes for decarbonizing hard-to-abate sectors: (1) employ technology-specific policies but aim at broad sectoral or general policies when suitable, (2) consider value chain interdependency and user segment heterogeneity when prioritizing technologies and user segments, and (3) translate (rather than transfer) successful policies to other settings (e.g. user segments).

• Damman, Sigrid; Lund, Henrik Brynthe; Mäkitie, Tuukka; Mannina, Giorgio; Akon-Yamga, Gordon & Wanner, Jiří (2022). Governance factors influencing the scope for circular water solutions. I Mannina, Giorgio; Pandey, Ashok & Sirohi, Ranjna (Red.), Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Smart Solutions for Wastewater: Road-mapping the Transition to Circular Economy. Elsevier. ISSN 978-0-323-91289-1. s. 267–287.
• Mäkitie, Tuukka Rainer Reinhold; Hanson, Jens; Steen, Markus; Hansen, Teis & Andersen, Allan Dahl (2022). Complementarity formation mechanisms in technology value chains. Research Policy. ISSN 0048-7333. 51(7). doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2022.104559. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Mäkitie, Tuukka Rainer Reinhold; Steen, Markus; Sæther, Erik Andreas; Bjørgum, Øyvind & Poulsen, René Taudal (2022). Norwegian ship-owners' adoption of alternative fuels. Energy Policy. ISSN 0301-4215. 163. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112869. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bach, Hanna; Mäkitie, Tuukka Rainer Reinhold; Hansen, Teis & Steen, Markus (2021). Blending new and old in sustainability transitions: Technological alignment between fossil fuels and biofuels in Norwegian coastal shipping. Energy Research & Social Science. ISSN 2214-6296. 74. doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2021.101957. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Facing increasing pressure to decarbonize, innovation within the shipping sector has turned to low-and zero carbon solutions. In this paper we investigate how the development and implementation of biodiesel and liquefied biogas (LBG) in Norwegian coastal shipping has been influenced by the technological alignment with fossil fuels. We understand this influence to emanate from the (mis)match of biofuels with the structure of coastal shipping (e.g. infrastructure, knowledge, institutions, actors) which has been shaped by fossil fuels. This way we contribute to the development of Technological Innovation Systems (TIS) framework by discussing the effect of sectoral cross-technology externalities on the functionality of a TIS. Our core data consists of semi-structured interviews, supported by a firm survey with Norwegian shipowners. Our results show that the technological alignment provides the biodiesel and LBG TISs with several benefits, such as access to established markets and infrastructure, which suggests that Norway to some extent has good conditions for maritime biofuel markets to form. However, two major barriers for implementation of biofuels are fuel availability and cost. Considering the competition with battery-electric and hydrogen solutions, the positive externalities of the interchangeability between fossil and biofuels are insufficient to make biodiesel and LBG competitive contenders for coastal shipping. In order to upscale implementation of biofuels in the Norwegian coastal shipping sector, which is needed to reach national and international emission targets, there is a need for strengthened policy interventions. To establish market formation, subsidies for biofuels and feed-in targets would be crucial policy instruments.

• Andersen, Allan Dahl; Steen, Markus; Mäkitie, Tuukka; Hanson, Jens; Thune, Taran Mari & Soppe, Birthe (2019). The role of inter-sectoral dynamics in sustainability transitions: A comment on the transitions research agenda. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions. ISSN 2210-4224. doi: 10.1016/j.eist.2019.11.009. Vis sammendrag

  Building on the chapter “Businesses and industries in sustainability transitions” in the STRN agenda, this viewpoint calls for more attention to how economic and environmental goals can be aligned to enhance the political legitimacy of transitions. This requires, we suggest, a more integrated understanding of the relationship between industrial transformation and sustainability transitions. We provide a tentative articulation of such a perspective by recombining insights from the fields of Industrial Dynamics and Transition Studies. We point to three issues that can serve as starting points for developing such a perspective and argue why those merit more attention in transition studies. These include: (a) attention to the diversity of sectors and firms involved in, and affected by, transitions through inter-sectoral linkages, (b) how existing knowledge bases influence the direction and scope of transitions, and (c) policy challenges associated with parallel transitions in multiple sectors that constitute economy-wide processes of structural change.

• Mäkitie, Tuukka Rainer Reinhold (2019). Corporate entrepreneurship and sustainability transitions: resource redeployment of oil and gas industry firms in floating wind power. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management. ISSN 0953-7325. doi: 10.1080/09537325.2019.1668553. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  It has been recently argued that the vast resources of established firms can potentially accelerate sustainability transitions. This paper contributes to the study of such possibilities by investigating the resource redeployment of three Norwegian oil and gas industry firms in corporate ventures in floating wind power technologies. Using interview and document data, the findings show that the opportunity to use existing firm resources was a key motivation for established firms to engage in entrepreneurship in such technologies. The firms could redeploy their specialised and general-purpose resources in these entrepreneurial ventures, and develop new technologies on the basis of their existing resources. However, also challenges and controversies were observed. This paper thus suggests that the process of resource redeployment can help to explain why, and describe how, established firms may engage in cleantech innovation through corporate entrepreneurship.

• Mäkitie, Tuukka; Normann, Håkon Endresen; Thune, Taran Mari & Gonzalez, Jakoba Sraml (2019). The Green Flings: Norwegian Oil and Gas Industry’s Engagement in Offshore Wind Power. Energy Policy. ISSN 0301-4215. 127, s. 269–279. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2018.12.015. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Thune, Taran Mari & Mäkitie, Tuukka (2018). Versatile competences and product market diversification among oil and gas supply firms. I Thune, Taran Mari; Engen, Ole Andreas Hegland & Wicken, Olav (Red.), Petroleum industry transformations : lessons from Norway and beyond. Routledge. ISSN 9781315142456.
• Mäkitie, Tuukka; Thune, Taran Mari & Gonzalez, Jakoba Sraml (2018). From oil to wind, and back again: Resource redeployment and diversification. I Thune, Taran Mari; Engen, Ole Andreas Hegland & Wicken, Olav (Red.), Petroleum industry transformations : lessons from Norway and beyond. Routledge. ISSN 9781315142456. doi: 10.4324/9781315142456-13.
• Mäkitie, Tuukka; Andersen, Allan Dahl; Hanson, Jens; Normann, Håkon Endresen & Thune, Taran Mari (2018). Established sectors expediting clean technology industries? The Norwegian oil and gas sector's influence on offshore wind power. Journal of Cleaner Production. ISSN 0959-6526. 177, s. 813–823. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.209. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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• Hansen, Teis; Hanson, Jens; Mäkitie, Tuukka; Normann, Håkon Endresen & Steen, Markus (2024). Scalar orientation of policies and technology legitimacy: the case of decarbonization in Norway .
• Mäkitie, Tuukka Rainer Reinhold (2023). Sociotechnical conditions for hydrogen upscaling.
• Mäkitie, Tuukka & Steen, Markus (2023). The energy sector: an industrial perspective on energy transitions. I Bianchi, Patrizio; Labory, Sandrine & Tomlinson, Philip (Red.), Handbook of Industrial Development. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 9781800379091. s. 287–301. doi: 10.4337/9781800379091.00027.
• Steen, Markus; Dawley, Stuart; Hansen, Teis & Mäkitie, Tuukka (2023). Developing CCS infrastructure for industry decarbonisation: the role of the state, territory and sectoral context.
• Mäkitie, Tuukka Rainer Reinhold (2023). The industrial dynamics of a sustainability transition: assessing the multi-sectoral interactions of electrification in Norwegian coastal shipping.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen; Solberg, Espen; Klitkou, Antje; Steen, Markus & Mäkitie, Tuukka (2023). Hvilken kompetanse trengs for det grønne skiftet? Forskningspolitikk. ISSN 0333-0273. 46(2), s. 26–27.
• Mäkitie, Tuukka Rainer Reinhold (2023). Digital innovation's contribution to sustainability transitions.
• Mäkitie, Tuukka Rainer Reinhold (2022). Socio-technical conditions for an energy transition in Norwegian shipping.
• Andersen, Allan Dahl; Steen, Markus; Mäkitie, Tuukka & Iris, Wanzenböck (2022). Sustainability transitions and industrial change: Towards a multi-sectoral perspective on transitions .
• Mäkitie, Tuukka Rainer Reinhold (2022). Intermediating multi-system interactions – exploring the activities that foster complementarities in technology value chains.
• Hansen, Lillian; Hanson, Jens; Rudus, Krisjanis & Mäkitie, Tuukka (2022). Localized multi-system interactions: conditions for community energy generation and use .
• Mäkitie, Tuukka Rainer Reinhold (2022). Intermediating multisectoral transitions – exploring the activities that foster complementarities between sectors.
• Steen, Markus & Mäkitie, Tuukka (2022). Det norske CCS innovasjonssystemet – styrker og svakheter.
• Steen, Markus; Andersen, Allan Dahl; Finstad, Jørgen; Hansen, Teis; Hanson, Jens & Jordal, Aina Benedikte Kristin [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). A socio-technical perspective on CCS innovation system dynamics in Norway.
• Mäkitie, Tuukka (2022). Governance perspectives on complementarity formation mechanisms in hydrogen value chains.
• Steen, Markus; Mäkitie, Tuukka; Hanson, Jens & Normann, Håkon Endresen (2022). Developing the industrial capacity for energy transitions: resource formation for offshore wind in Europe .
• Mäkitie, Tuukka Rainer Reinhold; Hanson, Jens; Damman, Sigrid & Wardeberg, Mari (2022). On the role of digital innovation in energy transitions.
• Mäkitie, Tuukka Rainer Reinhold (2021). Energy transitions in the Norwegian maritime sector: insights from sustainability transitions research.
• Mäkitie, Tuukka Rainer Reinhold (2021). Energy transition and industrial transformation: insights from innovation studies.
• Steen, Markus; Hansen, Teis; Bergek, Anna; Mäkitie, Tuukka; Sæther, Erik Andreas & Bjørgum, Øyvind [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). GREENFLEET final webinar.
• Mäkitie, Tuukka Rainer Reinhold; Hanson, Jens; Steen, Markus; Hansen, Teis & Andersen, Allan Dahl (2021). Feedback mechanisms in technology value chains and acceleration of low-carbon innovations.
• Steen, Markus; Mäkitie, Tuukka; Hanson, Jens & Normann, Håkon Endresen (2021). Developing the industrial capacity for energy transitions: resource formation for offshore wind in Europe . Vis sammendrag

  As energy transitions are moving from the formative phase of technology development and R&D to the acceleration or growth phase issues related to resource formation increase in importance. However, our understanding of resource formation processes to scale up new technologies has several gaps, perhaps reflecting that it is only recently that renewables such as solar PV and wind power have seen strong global growth. In this paper we address a type of resource formation that has received limited attention in the sustainability transitions literature to date: the development of industrial capacity to manufacture key components and deliver crucial services for renewable energy technologies to perform. Such upstream value chain elements are central to renewable energy cost reductions and political legitimacy because they provide new job and value creation opportunities for different regions and countries. Empirically we study the build-up of industrial capacity across European countries to supply the Northern European offshore wind market in the 2000-2019 period. We also develop aggregate industrial capacity scores at the country level, identifying both industry 'losers' and 'winners'. We provide explanations to the observed patterns by drawing on the sustainability and economic geography literatures.

• Mäkitie, Tuukka Rainer Reinhold & Steen, Markus (2021). Having both the chicken and the egg: novel innovation policy perspectives to establishing hydrogen value chains.
• Hansen, Teis; Hanson, Jens; Mäkitie, Tuukka; Normann, Håkon Endresen & Steen, Markus (2021). How do changes in policy objectives and their scalar orientation influence technology legitimacy? Norwegian climate and energy policy and technologies for decarbonization.
• Mäkitie, Tuukka Rainer Reinhold (2021). Relationship between fossil fuels and biofuels in coastal shipping: implications for innovation and policy.
• Mäkitie, Tuukka (2021). Grønn og smart omstilling i norske næringer.
• Mäkitie, Tuukka (2021). Greener and smarter? Transformations in five Norwegian industrial sectors.
• Mäkitie, Tuukka Rainer Reinhold; Steen, Markus; Thune, Taran Mari; Lund, Henrik Brynthe; Kenzhegaliyeva, Assiya & Ullern, Eli Fyhn [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Greener and smarter? Transformations in five Norwegian industrial sectors. SINTEF AS (ISBN starter med 978-82-14-). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Mäkitie, Tuukka (2020). Sectoral interdependencies of low-carbon innovations in Norwegian coastal shipping.
• Mäkitie, Tuukka (2019). The energy transition: moving oil and gas competences to new uses.
• Mäkitie, Tuukka (2019). Corporate entrepreneurship and energy transitions: The oil and gas industry firma powering up innovation in floating offshore wind.
• Mäkitie, Tuukka (2019). Sustainability transitions and industrial transformations .
• Mäkitie, Tuukka; Hanson, Jens; Steen, Markus & Hansen, Teis (2019). Sectoral interdependencies of low-carbon technologies in the Norwegian maritime shipping sector.
• Mäkitie, Tuukka; Hanson, Jens; Steen, Markus & Hansen, Teis (2019). Sectoral interdependencies of low-carbon technologies in the Norwegian maritime shipping sector.
• Druglitrø, Tone; Hanson, Jens; Mäkitie, Tuukka & Reinertsen, Hilde (2019). Tverrfaglighet under press. Morgenbladet. ISSN 0805-3847.
• Normann, Håkon Endresen; Thune, Taran Mari & Mäkitie, Tuukka (2018). Oljebransjens «grønne flørt». Dagens næringsliv. ISSN 0803-9372.
• Mäkitie, Tuukka; Normann, Håkon Endresen; Gonzalez, Jakoba Sraml & Thune, Taran Mari (2017). The green flings. The role of market volatility in incumbent firms’ engagement in sustainability transitions .
• Mäkitie, Tuukka; Hanson, Jens & Andersen, Allan Dahl (2017). Under which conditions established sectors accelerate emerging clean-tech industries. Relatedness in innovation systems perspective.
• Mäkitie, Tuukka (2016). The green fling: The role of market volatility in incumbent industries – understanding incumbent industries’ engagement in sustainability transitions.
• Mäkitie, Tuukka (2016). Established sectors expediting clean technology industries? The Norwegian oil and gas sector’s engagement in the emerging offshore wind power.
• Mäkitie, Tuukka (2016). Bounded synergy of green and black energy: Overlaps between offshore wind power and oil and gas sector in Norway.
• Mäkitie, Tuukka Rainer Reinhold; Andersen, Allan Dahl; Hanson, Jens; Normann, Håkon Endresen & Thune, Taran Mari (2016). Path branching as system building An innovation systems perspective on the interactions between emerging and mature industries.
• Espegren, Kari Aamodt; Haaskjold, Kristina; Rosenberg, Eva; Damman, Sigrid; Mäkitie, Tuukka & Andersen, Allan Dahl [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). NTRANS Socio-technical pathways and scenario analysis. FME NTRANS. ISSN 978-82-93863-24-3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Normann, Håkon Endresen; Steen, Markus; Mäkitie, Tuukka; Klitkou, Antje; Børing, Pål & Solberg, Espen [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Kompetanse for grønn omstilling: En gjennomgang av forskningslitteratur og arbeidslivets kompetansebehov knyttet til miljø- og klimautfordringer. Nordisk institutt for studier av innovasjon, forskning og utdanning NIFU. ISSN 978-82-327-0598-6. Vis sammendrag

  Denne rapporten er utarbeidet på oppdrag fra Kompetansebehovsutvalget. Den inngår som en del av kunnskapsgrunnlaget for Kompetansebehovsutvalgets arbeid med kompetansebehov og grønn omstilling. Rapporten bygger på en litteraturgjennomgang, dokumentanalyser, intervjuer, spørreundersøkelse og registerdata.

• Mäkitie, Tuukka; Hanson, Jens & Ramstad, Lone Sletbakk (2023). Innovasjonssystemet rundt grønn luftfart i Trøndelag. SINTEF Digital. ISSN 978-82-14-07783-4. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Denne rapporten kartlegger innovasjonssystemet for grønn luftfart i Trøndelag. Formålet er å kartlegge kjerneaktørene i Trøndelag innen utvikling av grønn luftfart, hvilke faktorer i Trøndelag som påvirker videre utvikling av grønn luftfart, og hva mulighetene er for næringsutvikling i regionen. Kartleggingen vår viser at Trøndelag har et godt utgangspunkt for videre utvikling av grønn luftfart gitt et høyt teknologisk kompetansenivå knyttet til ulike energiteknologier og relevante eksisterende næringer i regionen. Kjernen og driveren i innovasjonssystemet i Trøndelag er det sterke forsknings-og utviklingsmiljøet rundt NTNU, SINTEF, Rolls-Royce Electrical Norway og Siemens. Disse er noen av de viktigste aktørene i utviklingen av grønn luftfart i Norge, noe som gjør at Trøndelag er godt posisjonert til å ta en ledende nasjonal rolle. Vi konkluderer med seks tiltak som kan hjelpe regionen i å bringe grønn luftfart fra snakk til konkret aktivitet.

• Mäkitie, Tuukka & Steen, Markus (2022). Strategic insights on governance of hydrogen innovation and the chicken and egg problem. FME NTRANS. Vis sammendrag

  If acceleration of hydrogen innovation is adopted as a political goal, policy strategies need to take account of technology-specific challenges.

• Damman, Sigrid; Lund, Henrik Brynthe & Mäkitie, Tuukka (2021). Governance assessment for circular economy based on water resources (GOCIWA). WIDER UPTAKE.
• Andersen, Allan Dahl; Bjørgum, Øyvind; Coenen, Lars Martel Antoine; Dale, Ragnhild Freng; Geels, Frank W. & Gonzalez, Jakoba Sraml [Vis alle 16 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Increasing the speed, scope, and level of decarbonization for meeting the Net-zero 2050 challenge. Implications for sustainability transitions research. FME NTRANS. ISSN 978-82-93863-12-0. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This viewpoint identifies three interrelated transition imperatives to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050 – increasing the speed, scope and level of decarbonization. First, the urgency of climate action places temporality and radically accelerated sociotechnical change at the heart of the net zero 2050 challenge. Second, the net-zero challenge implies a broadening of decarbonization efforts from the usual focus on electricity and transport to all sectors of the economy and a need for thinking across multiple sectors. Third, increasing levels of decarbonization necessitates widespread and rapid diffusion of low-carbon solutions with limited time for experimentation and deliberation. Interactions between these imperatives create research challenges related to time frame tensions, tipping points, sector couplings, multi-sector technologies and massive upscaling.

• Mäkitie, Tuukka; Danebergs, Janis; Hanson, Jens & Medbø, Eirik Gjelsvik (2021). Solving the chicken and egg problem in maritime hydrogen value chains in Western Norway. FME NTRANS. Vis sammendrag

  This research note summarizes the User Case 3 in FME NTRANS which has explored solutions to the so-called 'chicken and egg' problem in maritime hydrogen value chains, focusing on Western Norway. Based on three workshops and review of documents, the user case proposes six solutions to this problem: stronger support for both early-movers and hydrogen infrastructure, simultaneous development of supply and demand of hydrogen in local projects, establishment of hydrogen hubs, strong state leadership, and the acknowledgement of hydrogen innovation's complexity in policymaking. These perspectives complement the Norwegian government's hydrogen roadmap by highlighting especially the systemic and uncertain nature of hydrogen innovation, and the importance of state leadership.

• Mäkitie, Tuukka; Steen, Markus; Sæther, Erik Andreas; Bjørgum, Øyvind & Poulsen, René T. (2021). Norwegian ship-owners' adoption of green fuels. FME NTRANS. Vis sammendrag

  The shipping sector’s rising greenhouse gas emissions are often considered "hard-toabate", and ship-owners play an important role in emissions reduction. Some of them have recently adopted or started to consider the adoption of green fuels, but systematic studies of such adoption practices are still lacking. We address this gap by studying how ship-owners differ in both actual and intended adoption of green fuels. We analyze data from a unique survey with 281 ship-owners in Norway, a major ship-owning country and center for maritime technology development, with descriptive statistics and analysis of variance. We find lead adopters among large and established ship-owners in offshore, international cargo and domestic passenger shipping segments, which are often subjected to specific contractual demands for green fuel adoption. Laggards were typically small and young ship-owners operating in shipping segments where demands for green fuel adoption are weak. Our findings also suggest that firms' business strategy and financial and knowledge resources may have relevance for ship-owner’s adoption of green fuels. Our study has implications for national and international policymaking, highlighting for example how contracting mechanisms can be an effective tool in incentivizing the adoption of green fuels.

• Steen, Markus; Mäkitie, Tuukka; Lund, Henrik Brynthe; Thune, Taran Mari; Gonzalez, Jakoba Sraml & Finne, Håkon (2020). Kriser, innovasjon og næringsomstilling: COVID-19, bærekraft og digitalisering i noen sentrale norske næringer. SINTEF.
• Mäkitie, Tuukka; Hanson, Jens; Steen, Markus; Hansen, Teis & Andersen, Allan Dahl (2020). The sectoral interdependencies of low-carbon innovations in sustainability transitions. FME NTRANS. ISSN 978-82-93863-00-7. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Sectoral interdependencies of low-carbon technologies arguably become increasingly important as sustainability transitions accelerate. Nevertheless, few conceptual and empirical studies examine how the formation of interdependencies with various sectors, providing key inputs or applications within and across value chains of low-carbon technologies, affect acceleration. We provide novel insights on these topics by developing a multi-sectoral and multi-technological perspective on low-carbon innovation. Empirically, we apply the framework to Norwegian coastal shipping, and study how sectoral interdependencies across the value chains (raw materials, production, distribution and use) of battery-electric, hydrogen and liquefied biogas technologies affect innovation in these technologies in the formation and acceleration phases. We find the implications of interdependencies for acceleration to depend on sector characteristics. Low user sector adaptability (e.g. due to sunk costs), and interdependencies with input sectors with low scalability, constituted negative feedbacks for hydrogen and liquified biogas technologies. Meanwhile, battery-electric vessels' interdependencies with scalable input sectors created positive feedback loops, supporting acceleration. We conclude by noting that to foster acceleration, transition research and policy may need to address the sectoral interdependencies of low-carbon technologies already in the early phase of innovations.

• Mäkitie, Tuukka; Steen, Markus; Thune, Taran Mari; Lund, Henrik Brynthe; Kenzhegaliyeva, Assiya & Ullern, Eli Fyhn [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Greener and smarter? Transformations in five Norwegian industrial sectors. SINTEF. ISSN 978-82-14-06433-9. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This report is an output from the INTRANSIT Research Centre on Innovation Policy for Industrial Transformation, Sustainability and Digitalisation. The report presents an analysis of green and digital transformations in five Norwegian industrial sectors: oil and gas, maritime, aquaculture, manufacturing and process industries. By drawing on perspectives from innovation and sustainability transition studies, we analyse how the industrial sectors respond to green and digital pressures as well as opportunities. Our results show that while a green transformation is gathering momentum in the maritime sector, little radical change has yet taken place in various other sectors. Meanwhile, the thrust driving digitalization is often connected to increasing cost-efficiency and competitiveness in global markets. However, in the aquaculture sector, digital technologies are often applied to solve environmental and fish health issues. Green and digital transformations in industrial sectors may thus have points of interaction, leading to complementary, but occasionally also conflicting, developments. Based on empirical findings we draw insights for green and digital transformation policy, and take note on how COVID-19 pandemic may affect such transformations.

• Mäkitie, Tuukka; Andersen, Allan Dahl & Hanson, Jens (2019). Multidimensional relatedness between innovation systems in sustainability transitions. Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography. Vis sammendrag

  Recent literature in sustainability transition studies has suggested that established industries may provide resources for innovation in low-carbon technologies. This literature, however, has this far not explained why such resource redeployment takes place. Literature in evolutionary economic geography and management studies, however, have discussed such interactions through the notion of relatedness as an underlying factor. Drawing on these literatures we develop an integrated framework for the analysis of multidimensional relatedness between innovation systems in the context of sustainability transitions. Using semi-structured interviews, we study the technological, institutional and network relatedness between the oil and gas industry and the offshore wind power technology in Norway. Our results show that despite the high relatedness in offshore technologies, low relatedness in terms of institutions has challenged the resource redeployment from the Norwegian oil and gas industry to offshore wind power. We thus suggest that relatedness, understood in multiple structural dimensions, can help to understand why resource redeployment from established industries to technological innovation systems may, or may not, take place.

• Mäkitie, Tuukka; Andersen, Allan Dahl; Hanson, Jens; Normann, Håkon Endresen & Thune, Taran Mari (2016). Established sectors expediting clean technology industries? The Norwegian oil and gas sector's influence on offshore wind power. TIK Centre.

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